Abstract
Smoking is a significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is a leading cause of structural and functional alterations of the cardiovascular system. Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction are the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms linking cigarette smoking to cardiovascular disease. The cardiovascular system is a rich source of NADPH oxidase - derived reactive oxygen species, which under pathological conditions play a fundamental role in vascular damage. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) plays a major role in the regulation of vascular tone, structure, and function, and endothelial dysfunction could be considered the first step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Indeed, the bioavailability of NO is modulated by reactive oxygen species that degrade NO, uncouple NO synthase, and inhibit synthesis. Reduced bioavailability of NO and consequent endothelial dysfunction are involved in the initiation, progression and complications of atherosclerosis and also are predictive of future cardiovascular events. Thus, although data from clinical trials exploring the role of antioxidants on cardiovascular risk and disease are equivocal as yet, the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease is an important area of research, which is likely to continue to be fruitful. This review focuses on possible interactions between oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and cigarette smoking - favouring the atherosclerotic process and cardiovascular disease - also focusing on the potential role for antioxidants in the prevention of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Keywords: Oxidative stress, cigarette smoking, endothelial dysfunction, nitric oxide, reactive oxygene species, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction: Say NO to Cigarette Smoking!
Volume: 16 Issue: 23
Author(s): Davide Grassi, Giovambattista Desideri, Livia Ferri, Annalisa Aggio, Sergio Tiberti and Claudio Ferri
Affiliation:
Keywords: Oxidative stress, cigarette smoking, endothelial dysfunction, nitric oxide, reactive oxygene species, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease
Abstract: Smoking is a significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is a leading cause of structural and functional alterations of the cardiovascular system. Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction are the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms linking cigarette smoking to cardiovascular disease. The cardiovascular system is a rich source of NADPH oxidase - derived reactive oxygen species, which under pathological conditions play a fundamental role in vascular damage. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) plays a major role in the regulation of vascular tone, structure, and function, and endothelial dysfunction could be considered the first step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Indeed, the bioavailability of NO is modulated by reactive oxygen species that degrade NO, uncouple NO synthase, and inhibit synthesis. Reduced bioavailability of NO and consequent endothelial dysfunction are involved in the initiation, progression and complications of atherosclerosis and also are predictive of future cardiovascular events. Thus, although data from clinical trials exploring the role of antioxidants on cardiovascular risk and disease are equivocal as yet, the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease is an important area of research, which is likely to continue to be fruitful. This review focuses on possible interactions between oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and cigarette smoking - favouring the atherosclerotic process and cardiovascular disease - also focusing on the potential role for antioxidants in the prevention of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Grassi Davide, Desideri Giovambattista, Ferri Livia, Aggio Annalisa, Tiberti Sergio and Ferri Claudio, Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction: Say NO to Cigarette Smoking!, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2010; 16 (23) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210792062867
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210792062867 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Vascular Lesion Thickness in the Lenticulostriate Artery Region Serves as a Biomarker for Early Neurological Deterioration
Current Neurovascular Research Nanodiagnostic Attainments and Clinical Perspectives on C-Reactive Protein: Cardiovascular Disease Risks Assessment
Current Medicinal Chemistry ESVS Guidelines: Section B - Diagnosis and Investigation of Patients with Carotid Stenosis
Current Vascular Pharmacology Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and its Prevention by Metallothionein: Experimental Evidence, Possible Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Tissue Regeneration: From Synthetic Scaffolds to Self-Organizing Morphogenesis
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy High Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Relation to Multi-Cerebral Microbleeds in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and/or Rheumatic Heart Disease
Current Neurovascular Research Clinical Value of Prostacyclin and its Analogs in the Management of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Current Vascular Pharmacology Ximelagatran - A Promising New Drug in Thromboembolic Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Geriatric Evaluation of Oncological Elderly Patients
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Recombinant Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1: A New Cardiovascular Disease Treatment Option?
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Imaging the Role of Inflammation in Mood and Anxiety-related Disorders
Current Neuropharmacology The IGF-I Signaling Pathway
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeting Potassium Channels: New Advances in Cardiovascular Therapy
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Stem Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Ignored Avenues in Alpha-Synuclein Associated Proteopathy
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Mechanisms of Neuronal Damage and Neuroprotection Underlying Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury after Physical Exercise
Current Drug Targets Update on the Slow Delayed Rectifier Potassium Current (IKs): Role in Modulating Cardiac Function
Current Medicinal Chemistry Genistein Aglycone: A Dual Mode of Action Anti-Osteoporotic Soy Isoflavone Rebalancing Bone Turnover Towards Bone Formation
Current Medicinal Chemistry Molecular Remodeling of the Insulin Receptor Pathway by Thiazolidinediones in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Brief Review
Protein & Peptide Letters Wound-Associated Skin Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Treatments Based on Modulating the Inflammatory Response
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets