Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most frequent cause of vision loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. Steroids may reduce the concentration of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, and have effect on increased vascular permeability. Topical steroids does not reach intraocular therapeutic concentrations and periocular injection requires frequent injections at the risk of complications. Systemic administration of steroids may be useful, but high doses are required and are associated with severe systemic side effects. Intravitreal injection of steroids provides a powerful therapeutic effect, but it is associated with frequent secondary cataracts and increased IOP. The need for repeated injections may increase the risks associated with the injection procedure. Preliminary studies have proved the possibility of implanting sustained release inserts in the vitreous body, allowing for therapeutic levels of steroids in the vitreous cavity and retina for more than six months. The advantages of these systems are to keep a stable and sustained concentration of the drug with higher therapeutic efficacy thus reducing the number of injections. However, the complications associated with the use of steroids such as cataracts and high IOP are very common.
Keywords: Diabetic macular edema, Intravitreal triamcinolone, Dexamethasone inserts, Drug delivery system, Fluocinolone, inserts, Steroids.
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title: Intravitreal Inserts of Steroids to Treat Diabetic Macular Edema
Volume: 5 Issue: 1
Author(s): Javier A. Montero and Jose M. Ruiz-Moreno
Affiliation:
Keywords: Diabetic macular edema, Intravitreal triamcinolone, Dexamethasone inserts, Drug delivery system, Fluocinolone, inserts, Steroids.
Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most frequent cause of vision loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. Steroids may reduce the concentration of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, and have effect on increased vascular permeability. Topical steroids does not reach intraocular therapeutic concentrations and periocular injection requires frequent injections at the risk of complications. Systemic administration of steroids may be useful, but high doses are required and are associated with severe systemic side effects. Intravitreal injection of steroids provides a powerful therapeutic effect, but it is associated with frequent secondary cataracts and increased IOP. The need for repeated injections may increase the risks associated with the injection procedure. Preliminary studies have proved the possibility of implanting sustained release inserts in the vitreous body, allowing for therapeutic levels of steroids in the vitreous cavity and retina for more than six months. The advantages of these systems are to keep a stable and sustained concentration of the drug with higher therapeutic efficacy thus reducing the number of injections. However, the complications associated with the use of steroids such as cataracts and high IOP are very common.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Montero A. Javier and Ruiz-Moreno M. Jose, Intravitreal Inserts of Steroids to Treat Diabetic Macular Edema, Current Diabetes Reviews 2009; 5 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339909787314211
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339909787314211 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Genetics of Small-Vessel Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Intravitreal Bevacizumab (Avastin®) for Diabetic Retinopathy at 24-months: The 2008 Juan Verdaguer-Planas Lecture
Current Diabetes Reviews Glucocorticoids: Structure, Signaling and Molecular Mechanisms in the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema
Current Molecular Medicine Lipid Nanocarriers (LNC) and their Applications in Ocular Drug Delivery
Current Medicinal Chemistry Neuropilin Signalling in Vascular Development and Pathology
Current Angiogenesis (Discontinued) α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit in Angiogenesis and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Current Drug Targets Sirolimus Eluting Stent: A New Era in Interventional Cardiology?
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Neuropeptide Systems and their Potential Role in the Treatment of Mammalian Retinal Ischemia: A Developing Story
Current Neuropharmacology Noninvasive Monitoring of Intracranial Pressure
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) The Role of Venous Abnormalities in Neurological Disease
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials MDMA Toxicity and Pathological Consequences: A Review About Experimental Data and Autopsy Findings
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS): A Diagnostic Tool for Assessing Tissue Blood Flow in Vascular-Related Diseases and Therapies
Current Medical Imaging Targeted Drug Delivery and Imaging Using Mobile Milli/Microrobots: A Promising Future Towards Theranostic Pharmaceutical Design
Current Pharmaceutical Design Gene Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Intraocular Delivery of Anti-Infective Drugs-Bacterial, Viral, Fungal and Parasitic
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Novel and Emerging Targeted Therapies of Colorectal Cancer
Current Clinical Pharmacology Angiogenesis as Risk Factor for Plaque Vulnerability
Current Pharmaceutical Design Dysregulation of Neurotrophic and Haematopoietic Growth Factors in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Pathophysiology to Novel Treatment Strategies
Current Alzheimer Research Regulation of Angiogenesis and Angiogenic Factors by Cardiovascular Medications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Drug Targeting of Estrogen Receptor Signaling in the Cardiovascular System: Preclinical and Clinical Studies
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents