Abstract
This review considers the hypolipidaemic drugs that act on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We searched PubMed up to April 2008 and included randomized controlled trials, original papers, review articles and case reports. Bile acid sequestrants (BAS) have a well-established low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering effect, but may increase triglyceride (TG) levels. BAS have no systematic adverse effects, but are associated with increased GI adverse effects and interactions with the absorption of other drugs. Ezetimibe improves LDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and TG levels, as monotherapy or especially when given with a statin. Ezetimibe has not been associated with serious adverse effects. Ezetimibe has not been evaluated in large clinical trials with cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints. Phytosterols are not licensed drugs; they have a well-established LDL-C lowering effect, but there are no large long-term randomized clinical trials investigating their effects on CVD events. Orlistat is an antiobesity drug with a small additional LDL-C lowering effect independent of weight loss. Orlistat-assisted weight loss improves the overall lipid profile, carbohydrate metabolism and transaminase activities. However, its use should be limited to weight reduction. This drug is associated with increased GI adverse effects.
Keywords: Colestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam, colestimide, ezetimibe, phytosterols, orlistat, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Lipid-Lowering Drugs Acting at the Level of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Volume: 15 Issue: 5
Author(s): T. D. Filippatos and D. P. Mikhailidis
Affiliation:
Keywords: Colestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam, colestimide, ezetimibe, phytosterols, orlistat, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
Abstract: This review considers the hypolipidaemic drugs that act on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We searched PubMed up to April 2008 and included randomized controlled trials, original papers, review articles and case reports. Bile acid sequestrants (BAS) have a well-established low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering effect, but may increase triglyceride (TG) levels. BAS have no systematic adverse effects, but are associated with increased GI adverse effects and interactions with the absorption of other drugs. Ezetimibe improves LDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and TG levels, as monotherapy or especially when given with a statin. Ezetimibe has not been associated with serious adverse effects. Ezetimibe has not been evaluated in large clinical trials with cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints. Phytosterols are not licensed drugs; they have a well-established LDL-C lowering effect, but there are no large long-term randomized clinical trials investigating their effects on CVD events. Orlistat is an antiobesity drug with a small additional LDL-C lowering effect independent of weight loss. Orlistat-assisted weight loss improves the overall lipid profile, carbohydrate metabolism and transaminase activities. However, its use should be limited to weight reduction. This drug is associated with increased GI adverse effects.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Filippatos D. T. and Mikhailidis P. D., Lipid-Lowering Drugs Acting at the Level of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2009; 15 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209787315738
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209787315738 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Which Dose of Folic Acid Should Pregnant Diabetic Women Receive?
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Detection of Biothiols Using Some Novel Chemosensors: An Overview
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Utility of Intrapartum Transabdominal Ultrasound for the Correct Placement of Vacuum during Assisted Delivery
Current Women`s Health Reviews Influenza and Stroke Risk: A Key Target Not to be Missed?
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Evolutionary Force in Biologics
Current Pharmaceutical Design Statins and Metabolism of High Density Lipoprotein
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Current Status in Iron Chelation in Hemoglobinopathies
Current Molecular Medicine Nattokinase: An Updated Critical Review on Challenges and Perspectives
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Effects of Psychotropic Drugs on the Regulation of Glucose Metabolism
Current Diabetes Reviews Nitric Oxide-Releasing Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Importance of Oral Health in Pregnancy: A Mini-symposium
Current Women`s Health Reviews Physiology of Folic Acid in Health and Disease
Current Drug Metabolism The Protective Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Immune-mediated Inflammatory Responses
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Potential Anticancer Agents. I. Synthesis of Isoxazole Moiety Containing Quinazoline Derivatives and Preliminarily in vitro Anticancer Activity
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Syncope: Review of Monitoring Modalities
Current Cardiology Reviews Protective Role of Italian Juglans regia L. nut Ethanolic Extract in Human Keratinocytes under Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Dietary Approaches and Alternative Therapies for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Current Nutrition & Food Science Post-stroke Depression Therapy: Where are we now?
Current Neurovascular Research Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) as a Potential Strategy to Ameliorate Hypertension-Induced Cardiovascular Alterations
Current Drug Targets Recent Progress in Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatment Options of Major Depression
Current Pharmaceutical Design