Abstract
Iron is one of the essential minerals that are required for a variety of molecules to maintain their normal structures and functions and for cells to live, grow, and proliferate. The homeostasis of iron results from a tightly coordinated regulation by different proteins involved in uptake, excretion and intracellular storage/trafficking. Although it is essential, iron can also be toxic once in excess amounts. Through Fenton reaction, iron as a transit mineral can generate various reactive oxygen or nitrogen species; therefore, abnormal metabolism of iron can lead to several chronic pathogenesis. Oxidative stress is one of the major causative factors for diabetes and diabetic complications. Increasing evidence has indicated that iron overload not only increases risks of insulin resistance and diabetes, but also causes cardiovascular diseases in non-diabetic and diabetic subjects. Temporal iron deficiency was found to sensitize insulin action, but chronic iron deficiency with anemia can accelerate the development of cardiovascular diseases in non-diabetic and diabetic patients. In this review, therefore, we will first outline iron homeostasis, function, and toxicity, and then mainly summarize the data regarding the roles of iron deficiency and overload in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic complications, as well as the possible links of iron to diabetes and diabetic complications. In the end, the possible therapy using iron chelators for diabetes and diabetic complications will also be discussed.
Keywords: Diabetes, diabetic complications, insulin resistance, iron deficiency, iron overload, iron, ferritin, anemia
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Role of Iron Deficiency and Overload in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Diabetic Complications
Volume: 16 Issue: 1
Author(s): Qiuju Liu, Liang Sun, Yi Tan, Guanjun Wang, Xu Lin and Lu Cai
Affiliation:
Keywords: Diabetes, diabetic complications, insulin resistance, iron deficiency, iron overload, iron, ferritin, anemia
Abstract: Iron is one of the essential minerals that are required for a variety of molecules to maintain their normal structures and functions and for cells to live, grow, and proliferate. The homeostasis of iron results from a tightly coordinated regulation by different proteins involved in uptake, excretion and intracellular storage/trafficking. Although it is essential, iron can also be toxic once in excess amounts. Through Fenton reaction, iron as a transit mineral can generate various reactive oxygen or nitrogen species; therefore, abnormal metabolism of iron can lead to several chronic pathogenesis. Oxidative stress is one of the major causative factors for diabetes and diabetic complications. Increasing evidence has indicated that iron overload not only increases risks of insulin resistance and diabetes, but also causes cardiovascular diseases in non-diabetic and diabetic subjects. Temporal iron deficiency was found to sensitize insulin action, but chronic iron deficiency with anemia can accelerate the development of cardiovascular diseases in non-diabetic and diabetic patients. In this review, therefore, we will first outline iron homeostasis, function, and toxicity, and then mainly summarize the data regarding the roles of iron deficiency and overload in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic complications, as well as the possible links of iron to diabetes and diabetic complications. In the end, the possible therapy using iron chelators for diabetes and diabetic complications will also be discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Liu Qiuju, Sun Liang, Tan Yi, Wang Guanjun, Lin Xu and Cai Lu, Role of Iron Deficiency and Overload in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Diabetic Complications, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 16 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709787002862
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709787002862 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Therapeutic Targets in the Ubiquitin-proteasome System for Alzheimer's Disease
Current Enzyme Inhibition Neurofilament Proteins as Prognostic Biomarkers in Neurological Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Coumarins as Promising Scaffold for the Treatment of Age-related Diseases – An Overview of the Last Five Years
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Cross-Talk Between NO Synthase Isoforms in Neuro-Inflammation: Possible Implications in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry Toll-like Receptors and Diabetes Complications: Recent Advances
Current Diabetes Reviews The Effect of Single and Double Acetylation of Lysine Residues on Structural and Dynamical Features of Human Splicing Factor TDP-43 - A Statistical Ensemble Analysis
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Genetics of Bladder-Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex (BEEC): Systematic Elucidation of Mendelian and Multifactorial Phenotypes
Current Genomics Accounting for Induced-Fit Effects in Docking: What is Possible and What is Not?
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Infectious Agents and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Exploring the Links
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Association of Oxidative Stress to the Genesis of Anxiety: Implications for Possible Therapeutic Interventions
Current Neuropharmacology Matrix Metalloproteinases and their Tissue Inhibitors in Diabetes, Atherosclerosis and Prediction of the Cardiovascular Risk
Current Enzyme Inhibition Concentration-Dependent Bimodal Effect of Specific 18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) Ligands on Cell Death Processes Induced by Ammonium Chloride: Potential Implications for Neuropathological Effects Due to Hyperammonemia
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets HbA1c, Fructosamine, and Glycated Albumin in the Detection of Dysglycaemic Conditions
Current Diabetes Reviews Targeting AMPK in Diabetes and Diabetic Complications: Energy Homeostasis, Autophagy and Mitochondrial Health
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Role of Mitochondrial Genes in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Neuropharmacology Self-care improvement after a pharmaceutical intervention in elderly type 2 diabetic patients
Current Diabetes Reviews RhoGEFs in Cell Motility: Novel Links Between Rgnef and Focal Adhesion Kinase
Current Molecular Medicine C-peptide and Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Role of Neurotrophins in Spinal Plasticity and Locomotion
Current Pharmaceutical Design Isoprostanes as Biomarkers and Mediators of Oxidative Injury in Infant and Adult Central Nervous System Diseases
Current Neurovascular Research