Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 (formerly referred to as casein kinase II) is an evolutionary conserved, ubiquitous protein kinase. There are two paralog catalytic subunits, i.e. alpha (A1) and alpha (A2). The alpha and alpha subunits are linked to two beta subunits to produce a heterotetrameric structure. The catalytic alpha subunits are distantly related to the CMGC subfamily of kinases, such as the Cdk kinases. There are some peculiarities associated with protein kinase CK2, which are not found with most other protein kinases: (i) the enzyme is constitutively active, (ii) it can use ATP and GTP and (iii) it is found elevated in most tumors investigated and rapidly proliferating tissues. With the elucidation of the structure of the catalytic subunit, it was possible to explain why the enzyme is constitutively active [1] and why it can bind GTP [2]. Considerable information on the potential roles of CK2 in various disease processes including cancer has been gained in recent years, and the present review may help to further elucidate its aberrant role in many disease states. Its peculiar structural features [3-9] may be advantageous in designing tailor-made compounds with the possibility to specifically target this protein kinase [10]. Since not all the aspects of what has been published on CK2 can be covered in this review, we would like to recommend the following reviews; (i) for general information on CK2 [11-18] and (ii) with a focus on aberrant CK2 [19-22].
Keywords: Protein kinase, CK2, disease, cancer, protein phosphorylation, virus, inhibitors, inflammation
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Protein Kinase CK2 in Human Diseases
Volume: 15 Issue: 19
Author(s): Barbara Guerra and Olaf-Georg Issinger
Affiliation:
Keywords: Protein kinase, CK2, disease, cancer, protein phosphorylation, virus, inhibitors, inflammation
Abstract: Protein kinase CK2 (formerly referred to as casein kinase II) is an evolutionary conserved, ubiquitous protein kinase. There are two paralog catalytic subunits, i.e. alpha (A1) and alpha (A2). The alpha and alpha subunits are linked to two beta subunits to produce a heterotetrameric structure. The catalytic alpha subunits are distantly related to the CMGC subfamily of kinases, such as the Cdk kinases. There are some peculiarities associated with protein kinase CK2, which are not found with most other protein kinases: (i) the enzyme is constitutively active, (ii) it can use ATP and GTP and (iii) it is found elevated in most tumors investigated and rapidly proliferating tissues. With the elucidation of the structure of the catalytic subunit, it was possible to explain why the enzyme is constitutively active [1] and why it can bind GTP [2]. Considerable information on the potential roles of CK2 in various disease processes including cancer has been gained in recent years, and the present review may help to further elucidate its aberrant role in many disease states. Its peculiar structural features [3-9] may be advantageous in designing tailor-made compounds with the possibility to specifically target this protein kinase [10]. Since not all the aspects of what has been published on CK2 can be covered in this review, we would like to recommend the following reviews; (i) for general information on CK2 [11-18] and (ii) with a focus on aberrant CK2 [19-22].
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Guerra Barbara and Issinger Olaf-Georg, Protein Kinase CK2 in Human Diseases, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2008; 15 (19) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986708785132933
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986708785132933 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Dapagliflozin Protects H9c2 Cells Against Injury Induced by
Lipopolysaccharide via Suppression of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Axis and NF-κB
Activity
Current Molecular Pharmacology Cardiovascular Drug Development Using Radiopharmaceuticals
Current Pharmaceutical Design Chromatin Remodeling, DNA Damage Repair and Aging
Current Genomics Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Update
Current Cardiology Reviews Nutrition, Nitrogen Requirements, Exercise and Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity in Cancer Patients. A puzzle of Contrasting Truths?
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Regulation of Angiogenesis by the Small Heat Shock Protein αB-Crystallin
Current Angiogenesis (Discontinued) MicroRNA-130a Regulation of Desmocollin 2 in a Novel Model of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy
MicroRNA Cardiac Stem Cell Regeneration in Metabolic Syndrome
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Studies on Neural Tube Defects in Embryos of Diabetic Pregnancy: An Overview
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacogenomics of the Human ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter ABCG2
Current Pharmacogenomics Quinone-Based Drugs: An Important Class of Molecules in Medicinal Chemistry
Medicinal Chemistry Fatty Liver and Ischemia/Reperfusion: Are there Drugs Able to Mitigate Injury?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Energizing Genetics and Epi-genetics: Role in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Function
Current Genomics Insulin- and Growth Factor-Resistance Impairs Vascular Regeneration in Diabetes Mellitus
Current Vascular Pharmacology Acetylation Control of Cancer Cell Metabolism
Current Pharmaceutical Design Subject Index to Volume 2
Current Vascular Pharmacology Recent Patents on Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Chronic Heart Failure: The Central Role of Endothelium and Myeloperoxidase
Recent Patents on Biomarkers MicroRNA Regulation in Cardiovascular Disease
Current Drug Targets Relationship of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Concentrations and Systolic Heart Failure
Current Vascular Pharmacology Bioinformatics Analysis of Functional Relations Between CNPs Regions
Current Bioinformatics