Abstract
Over the past 5 years, the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is emerging as an attractive therapeutic target for modulating brain injury in a variety of animal models of neurological disorders including stroke. The evidence we have to date indicates that both adenosine and A2A antagonists are neuroprotective in ischaemic brain injury. From drug development perspective, administering A2A antagonists in association with inhibitors of adenosine kinase may represent a novel strategy for treating stroke. Despite the well-documented neuroprotection by A2AR antagonists, the mechanism by which A2ARs affect brain injury remains largely unknown. In this section, we also summarize the experimental evidence for A2AR modulation of glial function as possible contribution to the modulation of brain injury. In vitro and in vivo studies reveal that in response to local neuroinflammation following brain insults, time-dependent, inflammatory signal-mediated induction of the A2AR in glial cells (particularly microglial cells) make this cell type particularly sensitive to A2AR modulation of brain injury. Furthermore, in contrast to the generally held view that the A2AR exerts predominantly anti-inflammatory effects (based upon studies in peripheral organs), the A2AR modulation of neuroinflammation may differentially affect the outcome of brain injury, depending on the nature of brain insults. Thus, in association with their ability to reduce brain injury, inactivation of the A2AR in most models and activation of A2AR in some cases have been shown to attenuate brain inflammation through control of the proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines,
Keywords: Adenosine, adenosine A2A receptor, neuroprotection, ischemia, neuroinflammation, excitoxicity, microglia, astrocytes, bone marrow derived cells
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Modulation of Ischemic Brain Injury and Neuroinflammation by Adenosine A2A Receptors
Volume: 14 Issue: 15
Author(s): Jiang-Fan Chen and Felicita Pedata
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adenosine, adenosine A2A receptor, neuroprotection, ischemia, neuroinflammation, excitoxicity, microglia, astrocytes, bone marrow derived cells
Abstract: Over the past 5 years, the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is emerging as an attractive therapeutic target for modulating brain injury in a variety of animal models of neurological disorders including stroke. The evidence we have to date indicates that both adenosine and A2A antagonists are neuroprotective in ischaemic brain injury. From drug development perspective, administering A2A antagonists in association with inhibitors of adenosine kinase may represent a novel strategy for treating stroke. Despite the well-documented neuroprotection by A2AR antagonists, the mechanism by which A2ARs affect brain injury remains largely unknown. In this section, we also summarize the experimental evidence for A2AR modulation of glial function as possible contribution to the modulation of brain injury. In vitro and in vivo studies reveal that in response to local neuroinflammation following brain insults, time-dependent, inflammatory signal-mediated induction of the A2AR in glial cells (particularly microglial cells) make this cell type particularly sensitive to A2AR modulation of brain injury. Furthermore, in contrast to the generally held view that the A2AR exerts predominantly anti-inflammatory effects (based upon studies in peripheral organs), the A2AR modulation of neuroinflammation may differentially affect the outcome of brain injury, depending on the nature of brain insults. Thus, in association with their ability to reduce brain injury, inactivation of the A2AR in most models and activation of A2AR in some cases have been shown to attenuate brain inflammation through control of the proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines,
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Chen Jiang-Fan and Pedata Felicita, Modulation of Ischemic Brain Injury and Neuroinflammation by Adenosine A2A Receptors, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2008; 14 (15) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161208784480126
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161208784480126 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Ascorbic Acid: Its Role in Immune System and Chronic Inflammation Diseases
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Synaptic and Extrasynaptic Glutamate Signaling in Ischemic Stroke
Current Medicinal Chemistry Therapeutics Targeting Nogo-A Hold Promise for Stroke Restoration
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets A High-Throughput Screening Assay for Determining Cellular Levels of Total Tau Protein
Current Alzheimer Research Endocannabinoid System in Neurological Disorders
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Study on Utilization of Detoxified Jatropha curcas Seed Cake Subjected to Solid State Fermentation as a Dietary Supplement in Wistar Rats
Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture Editorial (Thematic Issue: Immunophilins, Protein Chemistry and Cell Biology of a Promising New Class of Drug Targets – Part II)
Current Molecular Pharmacology The Cholinergic Potential, the Vagus Nerve and Challenges in Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury
Current Pharmaceutical Design TRPV1 Channel: A Potential Drug Target for Treating Epilepsy
Current Neuropharmacology Effects of Nicotine on the Cardiovascular System
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Early Brain Injury or Vasospasm? An Overview of Common Mechanisms
Current Drug Targets Mechanisms of Developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: New Targets for Drug Development and Other Potential Interventions
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Targeting Nitrosative Stress for Neurovascular Protection: New Implications in Brain Diseases
Current Drug Targets Aβ Oligomers Induce Glutamate Release from Hippocampal Neurons
Current Alzheimer Research Genistein: A Phytoestrogen with Multifaceted Therapeutic Properties
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Conventional (Continuous) EEG Monitoring in the NICU
Current Pediatric Reviews Neutralization of Interleukin-1β Reduces Vasospasm and Alters Cerebral Blood Vessel Density Following Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats
Current Neurovascular Research A Review on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Treatment for Epilepsy
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Potential for Stem Cells Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease: Do Neurotrophic Factors Play Critical Role?
Current Alzheimer Research Use of Telemetry Blood Pressure Transmitters to Measure Intracranial Pressure (ICP) in Freely Moving Rats
Current Neurovascular Research