Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes and its complications is increasing worldwide. Among the microvascular complications, diabetic nephropathy is the most frequent cause of end-stage renal disease. Although angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors have been cited as the first line of therapy for the management of microalbuminuria, the rate of remission from microalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria has been lower than the expected. Furthermore, due to the elevated frequency of side effects of the rennin-angiotensin blockers new approaches for the treatment of microalbuminuria are needed. Pentoxifylline, a xanthine derivate drug with hemorheologic properties and primarily indicated for the therapy of disturbances of blood fluidity, is also an antagonist of adenosine 2 receptors and have antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, properties that promote beneficial changes in the blood flow conditions and kidney function. Current evidence shows that the short-term use of pentoxifylline has low side-effects, reduces both proteinuria and microalbuminuria in subjects with diabetes, and is as effective as captopril in the reduction of microalbuminuria in non-hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. Although this data suggests that pentoxifylline could be useful for preventing the development of end-stage renal disease is necessary to conduct long-term studies to evaluate the role of pentoxifylline in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and the prevention of chronic renal failure. In this article, we review the clinical evidence that show the efficacy of pentoxifylline in the management of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients.
Keywords: Pentoxifylline, Diabetic nephropathy, Microalbuminuria, Proteinuria
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title: Efficacy of Pentoxifylline in the Management of Microalbuminuria in Patients with Diabetes
Volume: 4 Issue: 1
Author(s): Martha Rodriguez-Moran and Fernando Guerrero-Romero
Affiliation:
Keywords: Pentoxifylline, Diabetic nephropathy, Microalbuminuria, Proteinuria
Abstract: The prevalence of diabetes and its complications is increasing worldwide. Among the microvascular complications, diabetic nephropathy is the most frequent cause of end-stage renal disease. Although angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors have been cited as the first line of therapy for the management of microalbuminuria, the rate of remission from microalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria has been lower than the expected. Furthermore, due to the elevated frequency of side effects of the rennin-angiotensin blockers new approaches for the treatment of microalbuminuria are needed. Pentoxifylline, a xanthine derivate drug with hemorheologic properties and primarily indicated for the therapy of disturbances of blood fluidity, is also an antagonist of adenosine 2 receptors and have antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, properties that promote beneficial changes in the blood flow conditions and kidney function. Current evidence shows that the short-term use of pentoxifylline has low side-effects, reduces both proteinuria and microalbuminuria in subjects with diabetes, and is as effective as captopril in the reduction of microalbuminuria in non-hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. Although this data suggests that pentoxifylline could be useful for preventing the development of end-stage renal disease is necessary to conduct long-term studies to evaluate the role of pentoxifylline in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and the prevention of chronic renal failure. In this article, we review the clinical evidence that show the efficacy of pentoxifylline in the management of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Rodriguez-Moran Martha and Guerrero-Romero Fernando, Efficacy of Pentoxifylline in the Management of Microalbuminuria in Patients with Diabetes, Current Diabetes Reviews 2008; 4 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339908783502343
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339908783502343 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancing Diabetic Wound Healing: Mechanisms and Interventions
In recent years, diabetic wounds have become a global health concern with the increase in the incidence of diabetes. Diabetic wounds are a kind of chronic and refractory ulcer. It is generally due to the microcirculatory disturbances and the reduced levels of endogenous growth factors. Delayed cutaneous wound healing is ...read more
Oxidative and inflammatory responses in the development of secondary diabetic complications
Diabetes, along with its associated secondary complications, represents a significant global health challenge, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, reduced physical activity, environmental pollutants, and stress are pivotal factors in the onset of diabetes, particularly type-2 diabetes. Poorly managed hyperglycemia can lead to various complications, including neuropathy, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Transcriptional Factor CHOP and Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Hypertension Reviews Active Metabolites Resulting from Decarboxylation, Reduction and Ester Hydrolysis of Parent Drugs
Current Drug Metabolism Shoulder Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus
Current Diabetes Reviews Effects of Altered Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression on Cardiovascular Disease
Current Drug Targets Aldosterone and Resistant Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Clinical Applications and Biosafety of Human Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Design Vitamin D in Acute Kidney Injury
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) B-Type Natriuretic Peptide: Endogenous Regulator of Myocardial Structure, Biomarker and Therapeutic Target
Current Molecular Medicine Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Neonatal Rats: An Insight into its Applications to Induce Diabetic Complications
Current Diabetes Reviews Existing and Emerging Therapies for Acute Gout and Long-Term Urate Lowering
Current Rheumatology Reviews Diabetes-Induced Alterations in Renal Medullary Microcirculation and Metabolism
Current Diabetes Reviews Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in Immune Responses
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Cellular Cholesterol Efflux Pathways: Impact on Intracellular Lipid Trafficking and Methodological Considerations
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology An Overview on Diabetic Foot Infections, including Issues Related to Associated Pain, Hyperglycemia and Limb Ischemia
Current Pharmaceutical Design Addressing Unmet Medical Needs in Type 1 Diabetes: A Review of Drugs Under Development
Current Diabetes Reviews 4-Thiazolidones: Centenarian History, Current Status and Perspectives for Modern Organic and Medicinal Chemistry
Current Organic Chemistry Opportunistic Pathogens in Diabetic Foot Lesions
Current Diabetes Reviews Allopurinol Hypersensitivity Reactions: Desensitization Strategies and New Therapeutic Alternative Molecules
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Augmentation Therapy with Alpha1-antitrypsin: Novel Perspectives
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Multiple Drug Targets in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Current Drug Targets