Abstract
Although cardiac synchronization is important in maintaining myocardial performance, the mechanism of dys-synchronization in ailing to failing myocardium is unclear. It is known that the cardiac myocyte contracts and relaxes individually; however, it synchronizes only when connected to one another by low resistance communications called gap junction protein (connexins) and extra cellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, the remodeling of connexins and ECM in heart failure plays an important role in cardiac conduction, synchronization and arrhythmias. This review for the first time addresses the role of systemic accumulation of homocysteine (Hcy) in vasospasm, pressure and volume overload heart failure, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. The attenuation of calcium-dependent mitochondrial (mt), endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS, eNOS and nNOS) by Hcy plays a significant role in cardiac arrhythmias. The signal transduction mechanisms in Hcy-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation in cardiac connexin remodeling are discussed.
Keywords: Heart failure, calpain, hypertension, vascular remodeling, ECM, calcium channel, tachycardia, bradycardia, arrhythmia, LVH
Current Neurovascular Research
Title: Cardiac Dys-Synchronization and Arrhythmia in Hyperhomocysteinemia
Volume: 4 Issue: 4
Author(s): Karni S. Moshal, Clacy K. Camel, Ganesh K. Kartha, Mesia M. Steed, Neetu Tyagi, Utpal Sen, Y. James Kang, David Lominadze, Claudio Maldonado and Suresh C. Tyagi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Heart failure, calpain, hypertension, vascular remodeling, ECM, calcium channel, tachycardia, bradycardia, arrhythmia, LVH
Abstract: Although cardiac synchronization is important in maintaining myocardial performance, the mechanism of dys-synchronization in ailing to failing myocardium is unclear. It is known that the cardiac myocyte contracts and relaxes individually; however, it synchronizes only when connected to one another by low resistance communications called gap junction protein (connexins) and extra cellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, the remodeling of connexins and ECM in heart failure plays an important role in cardiac conduction, synchronization and arrhythmias. This review for the first time addresses the role of systemic accumulation of homocysteine (Hcy) in vasospasm, pressure and volume overload heart failure, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. The attenuation of calcium-dependent mitochondrial (mt), endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS, eNOS and nNOS) by Hcy plays a significant role in cardiac arrhythmias. The signal transduction mechanisms in Hcy-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation in cardiac connexin remodeling are discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Moshal S. Karni, Camel K. Clacy, Kartha K. Ganesh, Steed M. Mesia, Tyagi Neetu, Sen Utpal, Kang James Y., Lominadze David, Maldonado Claudio and Tyagi C. Suresh, Cardiac Dys-Synchronization and Arrhythmia in Hyperhomocysteinemia, Current Neurovascular Research 2007; 4 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720207782446324
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720207782446324 |
Print ISSN 1567-2026 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5739 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Biomarkers of Alcohol Consumption in Body Fluids - Possibilities and Limitations of Application in Toxicological Analysis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Sphingolipids in Inflammation: Roles and Implications
Current Molecular Medicine Pulmonary Hypertension: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, Treatment,and Dana Point World Symposium Highlights
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Effects of Evolocumab on Cardiovascular Events
Current Cardiology Reviews Adrenomedullin as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Current Protein & Peptide Science Cardiac Tissue Engineering
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Novel Agents Targeting Nitric Oxide
Current Vascular Pharmacology Impact of the Fontan Operation on Organ Systems
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets HIF Prolyl-4-hydroxylase Interacting Proteins: Consequences for Drug Targeting
Current Pharmaceutical Design ACE2 as a Key Target for Treatment of COVID-19 Related Cardiovascular Diseases: Current Progress and Prospect
Current Drug Targets Unravelling the Complicated Networks of Integrin αIIbβ3 Signalling in Platelets
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Crocetin as an Active Secondary Metabolite of Saffron Stigma and Anticancer Effects
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Reversal of Informational Entropy and the Acquisition of Germ-like Immortality by Somatic Cells
Current Aging Science Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Human Pathology and Aging
Current Pharmaceutical Design Stem Cell Implantation for Myocardial Disorders
Current Drug Delivery Interrupting the Natural History of Diabetes Mellitus: Lifestyle, Pharmacological and Surgical Strategies Targeting Disease Progression
Current Vascular Pharmacology Blood Pressure Lowering and Outcomes in type 2 Diabetes: Implications of the Blood Pressure-Lowering Arm of the Advance Trial
Current Hypertension Reviews The STAT3 Inhibitor Stattic Impairs Cardiomyocyte Mitochondrial Function Through Increased Reactive Oxygen Species Formation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Inflammation, Atrial Fibrillation and Cardiac Surgery: Current Medical and Invasive Approaches for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Plastid Molecular Pharming II. Production of Biopharmaceuticals by Plastid Transformation
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry