Abstract
Among the known synthetic routes to obtain xanthones, the Grover, Shah, and Shah reaction, the cyclodehydration of 2, 2-dihydroxybenzophenones and electrophilic cycloacylation of 2-aryloxybenzoic acids are the most popular methods. Due to important biological applications of xanthones, some synthetic strategies leading to more complex derivatives have been widely explored in the past years. Thus, the purpose of this review is to report some recent improvements of the classical synthetic methods as well as of some nonclassical methods to obtain simple oxygenated xanthones. The strategies for introduction of substituents into the xanthonic nucleus are also summarized. Furthermore, different approaches used to synthesize complex structures, with an emphasis on the total synthesis of bioactive natural products, accomplished in the last twenty years, are also discussed. Besides the synthesis of xanthones, the reactivity of the xanthonic nucleus and its role as a key intermediate for the synthesis of other important classes of compounds are also highlighted.
Keywords: xanthone, xanthenone, heterocycle, synthesis, benzophenone, diphenyl ether, xanthene
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Synthesis of Xanthones: An Overview
Volume: 12 Issue: 21
Author(s): M. E. Sousa and M. M.M. Pinto
Affiliation:
Keywords: xanthone, xanthenone, heterocycle, synthesis, benzophenone, diphenyl ether, xanthene
Abstract: Among the known synthetic routes to obtain xanthones, the Grover, Shah, and Shah reaction, the cyclodehydration of 2, 2-dihydroxybenzophenones and electrophilic cycloacylation of 2-aryloxybenzoic acids are the most popular methods. Due to important biological applications of xanthones, some synthetic strategies leading to more complex derivatives have been widely explored in the past years. Thus, the purpose of this review is to report some recent improvements of the classical synthetic methods as well as of some nonclassical methods to obtain simple oxygenated xanthones. The strategies for introduction of substituents into the xanthonic nucleus are also summarized. Furthermore, different approaches used to synthesize complex structures, with an emphasis on the total synthesis of bioactive natural products, accomplished in the last twenty years, are also discussed. Besides the synthesis of xanthones, the reactivity of the xanthonic nucleus and its role as a key intermediate for the synthesis of other important classes of compounds are also highlighted.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Sousa E. M. and Pinto M.M. M., Synthesis of Xanthones: An Overview, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2005; 12 (21) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986705774370736
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986705774370736 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Fungal Infections in COVID-19-Positive Patients: A Lack of Optimal Treatment Options
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry An Insight into Pyrazole-containing Compounds: Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities
Anti-Infective Agents Predictive Factors for the Care and Control of Hypertension Based on the Health Belief Model Among Hypertensive Patients During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Sirjan, Iran
Current Hypertension Reviews Fulminant Somatization: Medical Investigation in Trauma Survivors
Adolescent Psychiatry The Development of New Concepts for Assessing Reproductive Toxicity Applicable to Large Scale Toxicological Programmes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Isolation, Structural Determination, and Evaluation of the Biological Activity of 20(S)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3β, 12β, 20-triol [20(S)-25-OCH3-PPD], a Novel Natural Product from Panax notoginseng
Medicinal Chemistry A Review on Novel Ligand Targeted Delivery for Cardiovascular Disorder
Current Drug Delivery Recent Advances on the Green Synthesis and Antioxidant Activities of Pyrazoles
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Integrity Profiling of High Throughput Screening Hits Using LC-MS and Related Techniques
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Tocilizumab in SARS-CoV-2 Patients with the Syndrome of Cytokine Storm: A Narrative Review
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Cytoprotective Effects of 5 Benzophenones and a Xanthone from Hypericum annulatum in Models of Epirubicin-Induced Cytotoxicity: SARAnalysis and Mechanistic Investigations
Medicinal Chemistry Small Molecule Peptidomimetic Ligands of Neurotrophin Receptors, Identifying Binding Sites, Activation Sites and Regulatory Sites
Current Pharmaceutical Design 2,4-Thiazolidinediones as PTP 1B Inhibitors: A Mini Review (2012-2018)
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Editorial [ Hot Topic: DPP-IV as a Target in Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery (Guest Editor: Dr. Jens-Uwe Peters) ]
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Recent Patents Relating To HCV Molecules Like Putative Targets For Therapeutic Intervention
Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences Novel Therapeutic Targets for Prevention and Therapy of Sepsis Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Current Drug Targets Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of 4-Aryl-4H-chromeno[4,3-d] [1,2,3] selenadiazoles
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibitors as Promising Therapeutic Drugs for Diabetes: Status and Development
Current Medicinal Chemistry Astaxanthin Prevents Lung Injury Due to Hyperoxia and Inflammation
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Editorial [Hot Topic: Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Drug Resistance (Executive Editor: Vassil St. Georgiev)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design