Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common condition associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke. It follows that PAD merits aggressive preventive treatment that includes lipid lowering drugs (mainly statins). This review summarises the current knowledge concerning the use and mechanisms of action of statins in patients with PAD. Statins not only lower the risk of vascular events, but they also improve the symptoms associated with PAD. There is also evidence that statins reduce surgical mortality and improve graft patency and limb salvage. Because of the high risk, a more aggressive goal [i.e. low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of 70 mg / dl; 1.8 mmol / l] [National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), revised guidelines 2004] should be considered to maximally reduce the atheroma burden and related events. Not all statins can achieve this LDL-C target. Furthermore, there may be a need to use an additional lipid lowering drug so as to achieve the LDL-C goal and benefit from the different modes of action. Statins exert beneficial pleiotropic effects on haemostasis, the vasculature and inflammatory markers. There is also evidence that statins improve renal function (the plasma creatinine level is considered as an emerging vascular risk factor). Since PAD patients often take several drugs, there is a need to carefully consider their selection so as to maximize benefits and minimize adverse effects. Patients with PAD often do not receive adequate lipid lowering treatment. This situation needs to change.
Keywords: peripheral arterial disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular risk, prevention, statins, lipids, clopidogrel
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Missed Opportunity to Administer Statins so as to Reduce Cardiac Morbidity and Mortality
Volume: 12 Issue: 4
Author(s): Stella S. Daskalopoulou, Marios E. Daskalopoulos, Christos D. Liapis and Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
Affiliation:
Keywords: peripheral arterial disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular risk, prevention, statins, lipids, clopidogrel
Abstract: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common condition associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke. It follows that PAD merits aggressive preventive treatment that includes lipid lowering drugs (mainly statins). This review summarises the current knowledge concerning the use and mechanisms of action of statins in patients with PAD. Statins not only lower the risk of vascular events, but they also improve the symptoms associated with PAD. There is also evidence that statins reduce surgical mortality and improve graft patency and limb salvage. Because of the high risk, a more aggressive goal [i.e. low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of 70 mg / dl; 1.8 mmol / l] [National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), revised guidelines 2004] should be considered to maximally reduce the atheroma burden and related events. Not all statins can achieve this LDL-C target. Furthermore, there may be a need to use an additional lipid lowering drug so as to achieve the LDL-C goal and benefit from the different modes of action. Statins exert beneficial pleiotropic effects on haemostasis, the vasculature and inflammatory markers. There is also evidence that statins improve renal function (the plasma creatinine level is considered as an emerging vascular risk factor). Since PAD patients often take several drugs, there is a need to carefully consider their selection so as to maximize benefits and minimize adverse effects. Patients with PAD often do not receive adequate lipid lowering treatment. This situation needs to change.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Daskalopoulou S. Stella, Daskalopoulos E. Marios, Liapis D. Christos and Mikhailidis P. Dimitri, Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Missed Opportunity to Administer Statins so as to Reduce Cardiac Morbidity and Mortality, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2005; 12 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867053363009
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867053363009 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Biochemical Strategies to Anticoagulation: A Comparative Overview
Current Vascular Pharmacology Inflammatory Mechanisms in Atherosclerosis: The Impact of Matrix Metalloproteinases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Cholesterol and Alzheimers Disease: Clinical and Experimental Models Suggest Interactions of Different Genetic, Dietary and Environmental Risk Factors
Current Drug Targets Clinical Impacts in Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging: the Example of Cardiac Sympathetic Imaging in Heart Failure
Current Medical Imaging Preparation and Characterization of Water-soluble and Highly Fluorescent Biopolymer-conjugated CdS Quantum Dots
Current Nanoscience Effects of High-Fat Diets from Different Sources on Serum and Thymus Lipid Profile: Study in an Experimental Model
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti- Oxidant Nutraceuticals and Herbal Products: An Overview of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Effect of Extracts and Components of Black Tea on the Activity of β- Glucuronidase, Lipase,α-Amylase,α-Glucosidase: An in vitro Study
Current Nutrition & Food Science Neuroimmunomodulation and Aging: A Role for Transferrin and the Hypothalamus/Thymus Axis
Current Aging Science Cardiac Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Approaches for the Management of Sleep Disorders in Geriatric Population
Current Medicinal Chemistry Drug-Induced Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Malignancy
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Risk Reduction and Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Biological Mechanisms of Diet
Current Alzheimer Research Meet Our Editorial Board Member
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Some Molecules Other Than Nitrogen Containing Heterocyclic Moeities
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Periodontitis and Atherosclerosis, a Causal Relationship?
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Flow and Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Medicinally Relevant Indoles
Current Green Chemistry Central Nervous System Agents Used as Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Chemotherapy: Phenothiazines and Related Compounds
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Infective Agents Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Pharmacotherapy. Evolution and Current Concept of Drug-Related Problems
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Causal Relationship Between Passive Smoking and Inflammation on the Development of Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of the Evidence
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued)