Abstract
An increase in fetal glucocorticoid exposure has long been considered to be a primary mechanism by which maternal nutritional manipulation may result in long term adaptations in the fetus such that it is at increased risk of a range of adult diseases including hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Animal studies in which high doses of synthetic glucocorticoids have been administered to the mother shown some long term programming effects, but these are nearly always accompanied by a reduction in maternal food intake. In this review, we will, therefore, consider the extent to which maternal food restriction and elevated maternal glucocorticoid concentrations can result in the same or different adaptations within the fetus such that they exhibit developmental changes in blood pressure control and/or metabolic homeostasis. One factor that appears to be critical in determining the mothers response is the stage of gestation at which her nutrient intake is manipulated. This may be explained in part by the placentas ability to inactivate glucocorticoids. Irrespective of the mechanisms involved, it is clear that long term tissue specific adaptations within a range of organs, including adipose tissue and the kidney, can be greatly altered following changes in maternal glucocorticoid secretion.
Keywords: Nutrition, blood pressure, cortisol, growth
Current Drug Targets
Title: Maternal Nutrient Restriction is not Equivalent to Maternal Biological Stress
Volume: 8 Issue: 8
Author(s): Helen Budge, Terence Stephenson and Michael E. Symonds
Affiliation:
Keywords: Nutrition, blood pressure, cortisol, growth
Abstract: An increase in fetal glucocorticoid exposure has long been considered to be a primary mechanism by which maternal nutritional manipulation may result in long term adaptations in the fetus such that it is at increased risk of a range of adult diseases including hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Animal studies in which high doses of synthetic glucocorticoids have been administered to the mother shown some long term programming effects, but these are nearly always accompanied by a reduction in maternal food intake. In this review, we will, therefore, consider the extent to which maternal food restriction and elevated maternal glucocorticoid concentrations can result in the same or different adaptations within the fetus such that they exhibit developmental changes in blood pressure control and/or metabolic homeostasis. One factor that appears to be critical in determining the mothers response is the stage of gestation at which her nutrient intake is manipulated. This may be explained in part by the placentas ability to inactivate glucocorticoids. Irrespective of the mechanisms involved, it is clear that long term tissue specific adaptations within a range of organs, including adipose tissue and the kidney, can be greatly altered following changes in maternal glucocorticoid secretion.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Helen Budge , Terence Stephenson and Michael E. Symonds , Maternal Nutrient Restriction is not Equivalent to Maternal Biological Stress, Current Drug Targets 2007; 8 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945007781386839
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945007781386839 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New drug therapy for eye diseases
Eyesight is one of the most critical senses, accounting for over 80% of our perceptions. Our quality of life might be significantly affected by eye disease, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, etc. Although the development of microinvasive ocular surgery reduces surgical complications and improves overall outcomes, medication therapy is ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Patent Selections:
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Anesthesia Issues in Central Nervous System Disorders
Current Aging Science Proteomics and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update
Current Medicinal Chemistry Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Remodeling: An Updated Edge
Current Cardiology Reviews Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaf Aqueous Extract Modulates both Cardiac Contractility and Frequency in the Guinea-pig Atrium by the Activation of Muscarinic Receptors
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Hydrogen Sulphide: Biopharmacological Roles in the Cardiovascular System and Pharmaceutical Perspectives
Current Medicinal Chemistry Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: From Placental Anastomoses to Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcome
Current Pediatric Reviews Targeted Therapies in Lung Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Binding Protein in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia
Current Pharmaceutical Design Chronic Inflammatory Disorders and Accelerated Atherosclerosis: Chronic Kidney Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial (Thematic Issue: The Crosstalk between Non-Pharmaceutical and Pharmaceutical Approaches to Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases: Current Concepts and Perspectives)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Free Radicals and Antioxidants: How to Reestablish Redox Homeostasis in Chronic Diseases?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Commentary ( The Renin Angiotensin System in Alzheimers Disease - Do Updates Highlight a Clinical and Biological Dichotomy? )
Current Alzheimer Research Editorial [ Cardiovascular Risk Factor Modification: A sine qua non in the Management of Vascular Surgery Patients ]
Current Vascular Pharmacology Insulin Neuritis and Diabetic Cachectic Neuropathy: A Review
Current Diabetes Reviews Vascular Oxidative Stress: A Key Factor in the Development of Hypertension Associated with Ethanol Consumption
Current Hypertension Reviews The Application of Proteomics in Neurology
Current Proteomics Critical Determinants of Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Myogenic Tone as a Therapeutic Target for Ischemic Stroke
Current Vascular Pharmacology Oxidative Stress and Psychological Disorders
Current Neuropharmacology