Abstract
HIV-1, the causative agent of AIDS, is an obligate intracellular parasite that has both evolved to invade the complex human system and adapted to utilize the host machinery for its own propagation. A dynamic interaction between the virus and the host systems can be observed at every step of HIV-1 life cycle. Host factors are involved not only for mounting antiviral responses but are also hijacked by the virus to assist in its replication. The host factors are necessary for viral replication during entry, reverse transcription, nuclear import, integration, transcription, nuclear export, translation, assembly and budding. All retroviruses including HIV-1, are species-specific and the replication of the retroviruses is blocked in the restrictive host by the action of "host restriction factors". These restriction factors act as barriers to retroviral replication at various stages within the infected cell of a restrictive host. Nevertheless, HIV-1 virus has learned to subvert these antiviral responses and successfully propagate within the permissive host environment. This review article describes identification and mechanism of action of several pro- and anti-HIV-1 host factors. It is likely that we are just beginning to get a glimpse of an ongoing complex battle between the HIV-1 and the host, understanding of which should provide valuable information for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against HIV-1..
Keywords: HIV-1, innate immunity, host restriction factors, cellular proteins
Current HIV Research
Title: Dynamics of Virus-Host Interplay in HIV-1 Replication
Volume: 4 Issue: 2
Author(s): Masha Sorin and Ganjam V. Kalpana
Affiliation:
Keywords: HIV-1, innate immunity, host restriction factors, cellular proteins
Abstract: HIV-1, the causative agent of AIDS, is an obligate intracellular parasite that has both evolved to invade the complex human system and adapted to utilize the host machinery for its own propagation. A dynamic interaction between the virus and the host systems can be observed at every step of HIV-1 life cycle. Host factors are involved not only for mounting antiviral responses but are also hijacked by the virus to assist in its replication. The host factors are necessary for viral replication during entry, reverse transcription, nuclear import, integration, transcription, nuclear export, translation, assembly and budding. All retroviruses including HIV-1, are species-specific and the replication of the retroviruses is blocked in the restrictive host by the action of "host restriction factors". These restriction factors act as barriers to retroviral replication at various stages within the infected cell of a restrictive host. Nevertheless, HIV-1 virus has learned to subvert these antiviral responses and successfully propagate within the permissive host environment. This review article describes identification and mechanism of action of several pro- and anti-HIV-1 host factors. It is likely that we are just beginning to get a glimpse of an ongoing complex battle between the HIV-1 and the host, understanding of which should provide valuable information for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against HIV-1..
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Sorin Masha and Kalpana V. Ganjam, Dynamics of Virus-Host Interplay in HIV-1 Replication, Current HIV Research 2006; 4 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016206776055048
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016206776055048 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Management of HIV: Management of HIV: old challenges and new needs
The aim of this thematic issue is to provide the most recent updates regarding the effective management of HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly decreased HIV-related mortality, leading to an enhancement in the quality of life and life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite the numerous advancements ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Non-surgical Treatments for Lung Metastases in Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) and Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)
Current Medical Imaging Novel Biomarkers of microRNAs in Gastric Cancer: An Overview from Diagnosis to Treatment
MicroRNA Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Neurotrophic Approach
Current Drug Targets Patents on Immunotoxins and Chimeric Toxins for the Treatment of Cancer
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Combined Treatment with PPAR-γ Agonists in Pancreatic Cancer: A Glimmer of Hope for Cancer Therapy?
Current Cancer Drug Targets Nitric Oxide-GAPDH Transcriptional Signaling Mediates Behavioral Actions of Cocaine
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Bringing Light into the Diagnosis of Skin Disorders - Short Review on Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography in Dermatology
Current Medical Imaging Membrane Targeted Anticancer Drugs: Potent Inducers of Apoptosis and Putative Radiosensitisers
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents The Important Roles of miR-205 in Normal Physiology, Cancers and as a Potential Therapeutic Target
Current Cancer Drug Targets Application of Nanotechnology in the Treatment and Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Review of Recent Patents
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery uPAR as Anti-Cancer Target: Evaluation of Biomarker Potential, Histological Localization, and Antibody-Based Therapy
Current Drug Targets Design of Combretastatin A-4 Analogs as Tubulin Targeted Vascular Disrupting Agent with Special Emphasis on Their Cis-Restricted Isomers
Current Pharmaceutical Design Disorders of Protein Biogenesis and Stability
Protein & Peptide Letters Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer with Pharmacological Ascorbate
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology It Takes Two to Tango: The Structure and Function of LIM, RING, PHD and MYND Domains
Current Pharmaceutical Design Curcumin and its Formulations: Potential Anti-Cancer Agents
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Study of Splicing Factor, Proline- and Glutamine-rich by Proteomic Techniques in Human Malignant and Nonmalignant Cell Lines
Protein & Peptide Letters Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection by Gallium Scan and Subsequent Treatment by Gallium Maltolate: Rationale and Case Study
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis of Cinnamide Dimers as Potential Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Insect Larvae: A New Platform to Produce Commercial Recombinant Proteins
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology