Abstract
Nicotinamide, the amide form of niacin (vitamin B3), is the precursor for the coenzyme β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and plays a significant role during the enhancement of cell survival as well as cell longevity. Yet, these abilities of nicotinamide appear to be diametrically opposed. Here we describe the development of nicotinamide as a novel agent that is critical for modulating cellular metabolism, plasticity, longevity, and inflammatory microglial function as well as for influencing cellular life span. The capacity of nicotinamide to govern not only intrinsic cellular integrity, but also extrinsic cellular inflammation rests with the modulation of a host of cellular targets that involve mitochondrial membrane potential, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, protein kinase B (Akt), Forkhead transcription factors, Bad, caspases, and microglial activation. Further knowledge acquired in regards to the ability of nicotinamide to foster cellular survival and regulate cellular lifespan should significantly promote the development of therapies against a host of disorders, such as aging, Alzheimers disease, diabetes, cerebral ischemia, Parkinsons disease, and cancer.
Keywords: Akt, Alzheimer's disease, apoptosis, caspases, diabetes, erythropoietin, Huntington's disease, microglia, NAD+, Parkinson's disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Cell Life Versus Cell Longevity: The Mysteries Surrounding the NAD+ Precursor Nicotinamide
Volume: 13 Issue: 8
Author(s): Faqi Li, Zhao Z. Chong and Kenneth Maiese
Affiliation:
Keywords: Akt, Alzheimer's disease, apoptosis, caspases, diabetes, erythropoietin, Huntington's disease, microglia, NAD+, Parkinson's disease
Abstract: Nicotinamide, the amide form of niacin (vitamin B3), is the precursor for the coenzyme β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and plays a significant role during the enhancement of cell survival as well as cell longevity. Yet, these abilities of nicotinamide appear to be diametrically opposed. Here we describe the development of nicotinamide as a novel agent that is critical for modulating cellular metabolism, plasticity, longevity, and inflammatory microglial function as well as for influencing cellular life span. The capacity of nicotinamide to govern not only intrinsic cellular integrity, but also extrinsic cellular inflammation rests with the modulation of a host of cellular targets that involve mitochondrial membrane potential, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, protein kinase B (Akt), Forkhead transcription factors, Bad, caspases, and microglial activation. Further knowledge acquired in regards to the ability of nicotinamide to foster cellular survival and regulate cellular lifespan should significantly promote the development of therapies against a host of disorders, such as aging, Alzheimers disease, diabetes, cerebral ischemia, Parkinsons disease, and cancer.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Li Faqi, Chong Z. Zhao and Maiese Kenneth, Cell Life Versus Cell Longevity: The Mysteries Surrounding the NAD+ Precursor Nicotinamide, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2006; 13 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706776361058
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706776361058 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
ADP-Ribosyl Cyclase as a Therapeutic Target for Central Nervous System Diseases
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Hypertension, Prehypertension and Blood Pressure Related Diseases
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Current Management of Intermittent Claudication: The Role of Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Symptom-Directed Therapies
Current Vascular Pharmacology Obesity, Diabetes and Atrial Fibrillation; Epidemiology, Mechanisms and Interventions
Current Cardiology Reviews Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Demyelinating Diseases of the Nervous System
Current Pharmaceutical Design Effect of Simvastatin use on Autonomic Function in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Testosterone as Potential Effective Therapy in Treatment of Obesity in Men with Testosterone Deficiency: A Review
Current Diabetes Reviews Carotenoids of Microalgae Used in Food Industry and Medicine
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry <i>In-Silico</i> Validation and Fabrication of Matrix Diffusion-Based Polymeric Transdermal Patches for Repurposing Gabapentin Hydrochloride in Neuropathic Pain
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Diabetic Gastroenteropathy: Soothe the Symptoms or Unravel a Cure?
Current Diabetes Reviews Pathophysiology of Diabetic Dyslipidaemia
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Impact of Natural Compounds on the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Organic Chemistry Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and its Prevention by Metallothionein: Experimental Evidence, Possible Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Insulin Resistance
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists: A Potential New Class of Analgesics
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Editorial (Thematic Issue: Mechanistic Biomarkers: The Field for the Development of Non-Pharmaceutical and Pharmaceutical Approaches to Diagnostics, Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of Hydrogen Sulfide and Polysulfides in Neurological Diseases: Focus on Protein S-Persulfidation
Current Neuropharmacology Applications of Nanosystems to Anticancer Drug Therapy (Part II. Dendrimers, Micelles, Lipid-based Nanosystems)
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Active Metabolites Resulting from Decarboxylation, Reduction and Ester Hydrolysis of Parent Drugs
Current Drug Metabolism Identification of Novel Nrf2 Activator <i>via</i> Protein-ligand Interactions as Remedy for Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery