Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are of huge therapeutic benefit in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and various types of inflammatory conditions. The target for these drugs is cyclooxygenase (COX), a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid into inflammatory prostaglandins. COX-2 selective inhibitors are believed to have the same anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities as that of nonselective inhibitor NSAIDs with little or none of the gastrointestinal side effects. Thus, in the last 6-7 years several selective COX-2 inhibitors including coxibs were discovered and introduced into clinic. Recent reports evidence that selective COX-2 inhibitor such as rofecoxib, can lead to thrombotic cardiovascular events through inhibition of prostacyclin formation in the infracted heart. This has resulted in withdrawal of rofecoxib from the clinic in September 2004. Moreover, the COX-2/COX-1 selectivity ratio is vital in the design of COX-2 inhibitory drugs, as it is clear from rofecoxib, which is more than 50-fold COX-2 selective. After looking at all above mentioned facts, natural product-based compounds seem better as these compounds are generally supposed to be devoid of severe side effects. The literature indicates that natural product-based compounds are mainly COX-1 selective. Through minor semisynthetic changes in the structures, their selectivity towards COX-2 can be increased. The present review article addresses natural product COX inhibitors of plant and marine origin, reported during last ten years and their advantages, possible leads for further development and current status. In addition we describe our experience in the characterization, design and synthesis of potential natural COX inhibitors.
Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, natural products, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory Natural Products: Current Status
Volume: 13 Issue: 6
Author(s): Sanjay M. Jachak
Affiliation:
Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, natural products, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
Abstract: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are of huge therapeutic benefit in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and various types of inflammatory conditions. The target for these drugs is cyclooxygenase (COX), a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid into inflammatory prostaglandins. COX-2 selective inhibitors are believed to have the same anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities as that of nonselective inhibitor NSAIDs with little or none of the gastrointestinal side effects. Thus, in the last 6-7 years several selective COX-2 inhibitors including coxibs were discovered and introduced into clinic. Recent reports evidence that selective COX-2 inhibitor such as rofecoxib, can lead to thrombotic cardiovascular events through inhibition of prostacyclin formation in the infracted heart. This has resulted in withdrawal of rofecoxib from the clinic in September 2004. Moreover, the COX-2/COX-1 selectivity ratio is vital in the design of COX-2 inhibitory drugs, as it is clear from rofecoxib, which is more than 50-fold COX-2 selective. After looking at all above mentioned facts, natural product-based compounds seem better as these compounds are generally supposed to be devoid of severe side effects. The literature indicates that natural product-based compounds are mainly COX-1 selective. Through minor semisynthetic changes in the structures, their selectivity towards COX-2 can be increased. The present review article addresses natural product COX inhibitors of plant and marine origin, reported during last ten years and their advantages, possible leads for further development and current status. In addition we describe our experience in the characterization, design and synthesis of potential natural COX inhibitors.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Jachak M. Sanjay, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory Natural Products: Current Status, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2006; 13 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706776055698
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706776055698 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Chemokines and Receptors as Targets in Anti-Inflammatory Therapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) Peptide Family and their Receptors: Divergent Actions Influencing Human Physiology
Current Genomics Modern Therapeutic Strategies for Autoimmune Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Regulatory T Cells as Targets for Immunotherapy of Autoimmunity and Inflammation
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Ethanol and Inflammation
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 5-Arylidene-4-Thiazolidinone Derivatives Active as Antidegenerative Agents on Human Chondrocyte Cultures
Medicinal Chemistry 31P NMR Spectroscopy of Phospholipids: From Micelles to Membranes
Current Analytical Chemistry Targeting JAK3 Tyrosine Kinase-Linked Signal Transduction Pathways with Rationally-Designed Inhibitors
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Multiple Roles of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in Inflammatory Conditions and Current Status of Drug Development
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Emerging and New Treatment Options for Knee Osteoarthritis
Current Rheumatology Reviews Immunotoxins Constructed with Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins and their Enhancers: A Lethal Cocktail with Tumor Specific Efficacy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Dual Cyclooxygenase and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for the Treatment of Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry Nanotheranostics in Evidence Based Personalized Medicine
Current Drug Targets Towards a Stratified Targeted Approach with Biologic Treatments in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Role of Synovial Pathobiology
Current Pharmaceutical Design Iontophoretic Mediated Intraarticular Delivery of Deformable Liposomes of Diclofenac Sodium
Current Drug Delivery Vaccination and Induction of Autoimmune Diseases
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) The Function of the Selective Inhibitors of Cycloxygenase 2
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Polymeric Micelles for the Delivery of Diclofenac and Its Ethyl Ester Derivative
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology The Melanocortin Receptor System: A Target for Multiple Degenerative Diseases
Current Protein & Peptide Science Fluorescent Substrates Useful as High Throughput Screening Tools for ADAM9
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening