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Mini-Review Article

Target Genetic Abnormalities for the Treatment of Colon Cancer and Its Progression to Metastasis

Author(s): Tushar Baviskar, Munira Momin, Jingwen Liu, Bin Guo and Lokesh Bhatt*

Volume 22, Issue 7, 2021

Published on: 19 November, 2020

Page: [722 - 733] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201119141015

Price: $65

Abstract

Colorectal carcinogenesis involves various processes from the accumulation of genetic alterations to genetic and epigenetic modulations and chromosomal abnormalities. It also involves mutations in oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Genomic instability plays a vital role in CRC. Advances in modern biological techniques and molecular level studies have identified various genes involved in colorectal cancer (CRC). KRAS, BRAF, PI3K, and p53 genes play a significant role in different phases of CRC. Alteration of these genes leads to development or progression and metastasis colon cancer. This review focuses on the role of KRAS, BRAF, PI3KCA, and TP53 genes in carcinogenesis and their significance in various stages of CRC. It also provides insights on specific modulators acting on these genes. Further, this review discusses the mechanism of the pathways involving these genes in carcinogenesis and current molecules and treatment options under various stages of clinical evaluation.

Keywords: Metastatic colon cancer, Genetic alterations, BRAF gene, KRAS gene, P53 gene, PI3K gene.

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Graphical Abstract

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