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Current Alzheimer Research

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ISSN (Print): 1567-2050
ISSN (Online): 1875-5828

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Research Article

A Cationic Gallium Phthalocyanine Inhibits Amyloid β Peptide Fibril Formation

Author(s): Shatera Tabassum, Abdullah Md. Sheikh, Shozo Yano, Takahisa Ikeue, Shingo Mitaki, Makoto Michikawa and Atsushi Nagai*

Volume 17, Issue 7, 2020

Page: [589 - 600] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666201008112002

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Amyloid β (Aβ) peptide deposition is considered as the main cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previously, we have shown that a Zn containing neutral phthalocyanine (Zn-Pc) inhibits Aβ fibril formation.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of a cationic gallium containing Pc (GaCl-Pc) on Aβ fibril formation process.

Methods and Result: Aβ fibril formation was induced by incubating synthetic Aβ peptides in a fibril forming buffer, and the amount of fibril was evaluated by ThT fluorescence assay. GaCl-Pc dosedependently inhibited both Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 fibril formation. It mainly inhibited the elongation phase of Aβ1-42 fibril formation kinetics, but not the lag phase. Western blotting results showed that it did not inhibit its oligomerization process, rather increased it. Additionally, GaCl-Pc destabilized preformed Aβ1- 42 fibrils dose-dependently in vitro condition, and decreased Aβ levels in the brain slice culture of APP transgenic AD model mice (J20 strain). Near-infrared scanning results showed that GaCl-Pc had the ability to bind to Aβ1-42. MTT assay demonstrated that GaCl-Pc did not have toxicity towards a neuronal cell line (A1) in culture rather, showed protective effects on Aβ-induced toxicity. Moreover, it dosedependently decreased Aβ-induced reactive oxygen species levels in A1 culture.

Conclusion: Thus, our result demonstrated that GaCl-Pc decreased Aβ aggregation and destabilized the preformed fibrils. Since cationic molecules show a better ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, cationic GaCl-Pc could be important for the therapy of AD.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, amyloid β peptide, fibril formation, cationic phthalocyanine, neuronal culture, cytotoxicity.

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