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Letters in Drug Design & Discovery

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ISSN (Print): 1570-1808
ISSN (Online): 1875-628X

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Research Article

Inhibition Profiling of Urease and Carbonic Anhydrase II by High- Throughput Screening and Molecular Docking Studies of Structurally Diverse Organic Compounds

Author(s): Majid Ali, Syed Majid Bukhari*, Asma Zaidi, Farhan A. Khan, Umer Rashid, Neelum Tahir, Baseerat Rabbani and Umar Farooq

Volume 18, Issue 3, 2021

Published on: 05 October, 2020

Page: [299 - 312] Pages: 14

DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999201005200505

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Structurally diverse organic compounds and available drugs were screened against urease and carbonic anhydrase II in a formulation acceptable for high-throughput screening.

Objective: The study was conducted to find out potential inhibitors of urease and carbonic anhydrase II.

Methods: Quantification of the possible HITs was carried out by determining their IC50 values.

Results: The results of several screened compounds, including derivatives of oxadiazole, coumarins, chromane-2, 4-diones and metal complexes of cysteine-omeprazole showed promising inhibitory activities with IC50 ranging from 47 μM to 412 μM against the urease. The interactions of active compounds with active sites of enzymes were investigated through molecular docking studies which revealed that (R)-1-(4-amino-4-(5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) butyl) guanidine possessing IC50 of 47 μM interacts with one of the nickel metal atoms of urease besides further interactions as predictable hydrogen bonds with KCX490, Asp633, His492, His407 and His409 along with Ala440 and 636. Bi-ligand metal complexes of 4-aminoantipyrine based Schiff bases showed activation of urease with AC50 ranging from 68 μM to 112 μM. Almost 21 compounds with varying functional groups including pyrimidines, oxadiazoles, imidazoles, hydrazides and tin based compounds were active carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors presenting 98 μM to 390 μM IC50 values. Several N-substituted sulfonamide derivatives were inactive against carbonic anhydrase II.

Conclusion: Among all the screened compounds, the highly active inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase II was (4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl) methanone with IC50 of 98.0 μM. This particular compound showed metallic interaction with Zn ion of carbonic anhydrase II through the hydroxyl group of the phenyl ring.

Keywords: Urease, carbonic anhydrase II, molecular docking studies, enzyme inhibition, IC50, organic compounds.

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