Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1389-2010
ISSN (Online): 1873-4316

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Preparation of Sterile Raw Material - Chicken Eggshells in the Process of their Transformation into Selected Calcium Salts

Author(s): Wioletta Siemiradzka*, Barbara Dolińska and Florian Ryszka

Volume 22, Issue 2, 2021

Published on: 03 September, 2020

Page: [299 - 304] Pages: 6

DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200903120835

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: The chicken eggshells and their subcrustal membranes are a valuable source of calcium, but they are not further processed but disposed of as waste from the food industry. Chicken eggshells have high content (>95%) of calcium carbonate. Some properties suggest that eggshells may be a promising alternative to the present calcium sources used in the pharmaceutical industry.

Methods: The effect of roasting chicken eggshells with a selected organic acid (citric or fumaric or lactic acid) on microbiological purity, including the presence of fungi and bacteria Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli of obtained calcium salts, was investigated. In this study, chicken eggshells were subjected to chemical reactions with organic acids (citric, fumaric or lactic acid) at two different calcium-acid molar ratios (1:1 or 1:3) and the mixture was heat-treated for 1 or 3 hours at a temperature of 100°C or 120°C.

Results and Discussion: It was found that lactic acid was 100% effective against fungi, and the remaining citric and fumaric acids were -50% (regardless of the other examined conditions). The type of acid used has a significant effect on fungal growth inhibition (p<0.05). Fumaric acid and lactic acid will be nearly 100% effective against bacteria (100% fumaric acid and 97% lactic acid effectiveness), regardless of other factors.

Conclusion: Lactic acid is the most effective against pathogenic flora - fungi and bacteria. The transformation of chicken eggshells into calcium lactate can provide us with sterile calcium salt, free of 100% fungi and 97% of all bacteria.

Keywords: Chicken eggshells, sterilization, calcium salts, supplementation, chemical reactions, food industry.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Schaafsma, A.; van Doormaal, J.J.; Muskiet, F.A.; Hofstede, G.J.; Pakan, I.; van der Veer, E. Positive effects of a chicken eggshell powder-enriched vitamin-mineral supplement on femoral neck bone mineral density in healthy late post-menopausal Dutch women. Br. J. Nutr., 2002, 87(3), 267-275.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/BJN2001515] [PMID: 12064336]
[2]
King’ori, A.M. A review of the uses of poultry eggshells and shell membranes. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 2011, 10, 908-912.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2011.908.912]
[3]
Schaafsma, A.; Pakan, I.; Hofstede, G.J.; Muskiet, F.A.; Van Der Veer, E.; De Vries, P.J. Mineral, amino acid, and hormonal composition of chicken eggshell powder and the evaluation of its use in human nutrition. Poult. Sci., 2000, 79(12), 1833-1838.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.12.1833] [PMID: 11194049]
[4]
Hiramatsu, H.; Masuda, Y. Bioavailability and physiological function of eggshells and eggshell membrane. Mine, Y. Egg biosence and biotechnology; New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, 2008, pp. 129-140.
[5]
Rovenský, J.; Stancíková, M.; Masaryk, P.; Svík, K.; Istok, R. Eggshell calcium in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Res., 2003, 23(2-3), 83-92.
[PMID: 15018022]
[6]
Oliveira, D.A.; Benelli, P.; Amante, E.R. A literature review on adding value to solid residue: Egg shells. J. Clean. Prod., 2013, 46, 42-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.09.045]
[7]
Straub, D.A. Calcium supplementation in clinical practice: A review of forms, doses, and indications. Nutr. Clin. Pract., 2007, 22(3), 286-296.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0115426507022003286] [PMID: 17507729]
[8]
Szeleszczuk, L.; Pisklak, D.M.; Kuras, M.; Wawer, I. In vitro dissolution of calcium carbonate from the chicken eggshell: On the study of calcium bioavailability. Int. J. Food Prop., 2015, 18, 2791-2799.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2015.1004587]
[9]
Ostróżka-Cieślik, A.; Dolińska, B.; Ryszka, F. Assessment of in vitro release of calcium from some selected supplements. Acta Polonia Pharmaceutica. Drug Res., 2018, 75, 2.
[10]
Dolińska, B.; Jelińska, M.; Szulc-Musioł, B.; Ryszka, F. Use of eggshells as a raw material for production of calcium preparations. Czech J. Food Sci., 2016, 34, 313-317.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/59/2016-CJFS]
[11]
Siemiradzka, W.; Dolińska, B.; Ryszka, F. An ecological and multi valuable raw material for obtaining effective calcium preparations. IOSR J. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2019, 5(1), 50-57.
[12]
Siemiradzka, W.; Dolińska, B.; Ryszka, F. New sources of calcium (chicken eggshells, chelates) - preparation of raw material and tablets. Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol., 2018, 19(7), 566-572.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201019666180723103853] [PMID: 30033866]
[13]
Crum-Cianflone, N.F. Salmonellosis and the gastrointestinal tract: More than just peanut butter. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep., 2008, 10(4), 424-431.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11894-008-0079-7] [PMID: 18627657]
[14]
Hassan, N.M.M. chicken eggshell powder as dietary calcium source in biscuits. World J. Dairy Food Sci, 2015, 10, 199-206.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wjdfs.2015.10.2.1152]
[15]
Ryszka, F.; Dobrzański, Z.; Trziszka, T.; Dolińska, B. method production of calcium preparation. Patent PL, 212777, 2007.
[16]
Ryszka, F.; Dolińska, B.; Jelińska, M.; Chyra, D.; Rosak, K. method production of calcium preparation. Zgłoszenie Patentowe Patent PL 408725, 2014.
[17]
Dolińska, B.; Łopata, K.; Mikulska, A.; Leszczyńska, L.; Ryszka, F. Influence of phosvitin and calcium gluconate concentration on permeation and intestinal absorption of calcium ions. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 2012, 147(1-3), 374-377.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-011-9298-0] [PMID: 22231437]
[18]
Polish Pharmacopoeia. The Office for Registration of Medicinal Products, Medical Devices and Biocidal Products, Warsaw, Poland 2017, Microbiological examination of non-sterile products , 2017; pp. 312-320.
[19]
Singh, S.; Arora, G.S.; Sharma, J.S.; Sindhu, V.K.; Kansal, R.B. Heat stability and calcium bioavailability of calcium-fortified milk. Lebensm. Wiss. Technol., 2007, 40, 625-631.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2006.03.009]
[20]
Vavrusova, M.; Skibsted, L.H. Calcium nutrition. Bioavailability and fortification. Lebensm. Wiss. Technol., 2014, 59, 1198-1204.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2014.04.034]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
25
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy