Extraction and Quantification of Eugenol from Clove Buds Using HPLC

Khadiza    Fitri    Shafira; Abul    Kalam   Azad; Zubair   Khalid    Labu; Abul    Bashar Mohammed    Helal Uddin

Abstract

Background: Eugenol is the main constituent of clove essential oil. Past studies have found that clove oil has diverse uses in the pharmaceutical field due to its antioxidant, antibacterial and anesthetic properties.

Objective: This work compares the performance of different extraction methods and factors and identifies the effect of the treatments on oil yields and eugenol content.

Materials and Methods: Maceration, Hydro distillation, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and Soxhlet were performed. The best technique was identified according to yield and content. Further studies were conducted to examine the effects of different factors, such as solvent types (ethanol and methanol) and sample-to-solvent ratio (1:10 and 1:15). HPLC UV-Vis was utilized in the analysis of eugenol concentration.

Results and Discussion: Soxhlet extraction provided the highest yield (39.98%) and eugenol content (15.83%), compared to other methods. The results observed from several Soxhlet extraction factors showed that there is no significant difference between the different factors. In the meantime, methanol 1:15 provided the greatest amount of yields (57.83%) and eugenol content (22.21%). In this regard, the higher ratio resulted in higher eugenol content.

Conclusion: The results obtained are less comparable because the processing time, the working solvent, and the separation technique were carried out differently for each method. In the meantime, as there is no past study that compared the selected methods and factors, this study’s findings will contribute substantially to fill the gap in this field.

Keywords: Eugenol, HPLC, hydro distillation, maceration, microwave-assisted extraction, soxhlet.

[1] 
Cortés-Rojas, D.F.C.R. Souza and W. P. J. J. O. F. E. Oliveira. Encapsulation of eugenol rich clove extract In solid lipid carriers. J. Food Eng.,  2014, 127, 34-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.11.027] 
[2] 
Duarte, M.C.T. And M. Rai. Therapeutic medicinal plants: From lab to the market; CRC Press, 2015. 
[3] 
Hashemi, S.M.B.A.M. Khaneghah And A. De Souza Sant’Ana. Essential oils. Food processing: Chemistry, safety and applications; Wiley, 2017. 
[4] 
Nielsen, S.S. Food analysis laboratory manual; Springer: USA, 2010. 
[5] 
Crouse, B.J.; Vernon, E.L.; Hubbard, B.A.; Kim, S.M.C. Box And M. T. J. W. J. O. C. E. Gallardo-Williams. 2019. Microwave extraction of eugenol from cloves: a greener undergraduate experiment for the organic chemistry lab. World J. Chem. Educ.,  2019, 7(1), 21-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/wjce-7-1-3] 
[6] 
Azad, A.K.; Laboni, F.R.; Rashid, H.; Ferdous, S.; Rashid, S.S.; Kamal, N.; Labu, Z.K.; Islam, M.S.; Islam Sarker, Z. In vitro evaluation of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. for thrombolytic, antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and antimicrobial activities. Nat. Prod. Res.,  2018, 18(3), 1-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1538216] 
[7] 
Azad, A.K.; Jainul, M.A.; Labu, Z.K. Cytotoxic activity on brine shrimp, MCF-7 cell line and thrombolytic potential: seven different medicinal plant leaves extract. J Sci. Res,  2018, 10(2), 175-185.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v10i2.34820] 
[8] 
Azad, A.K.; Azizi, W.S.; Ismail, A.F.H.; Abbas, S.A.; Uddin, J.; Labu, Z.K. Phytochemical and toxicity evaluation of raditional herb: Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (Banaba) by MCF-7 cell line and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Bangladesh Pharm. J,  2019, 22(1), 45-49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v22i1.40072] 
[9] 
Babar, Z.M.; Azizi, W.M.; Ichwan, S.J.; Ahmed, Q.U.; Azad, A.K.; Mawa, I. A simple method for extracting both active oily and water soluble extract (WSE) from Nigella sativa (L.) seeds using a single solvent system. Nat. Prod. Res.,  2019, 33(15), 2266-2270.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1493587] 
[10] 
Guan, W.; Li, S.; Yan, R.S. Tang And C. J. F. C. Quan. Comparison of essential oils of clove buds extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide and other three traditional extraction methods. J. Food Chem,  2007, 101(4), 1558-1564.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.04.009] 
[11] 
Adaramola, B. And A. J. I. J. P. B. S. Onigbinde. 2016. Effect of extraction solvent on the phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity of clove bud. J. Pharm Biol Sci,  2016, 11(3), 33-38.
[12] 
 Rorong. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dari daun cengkeh (Eugenia Carryophyllus) dengan metode DPPH J. Chem. Prog., 2008, 1(2), 111-116.
[13] 
Pratiwi, L. M. S. Rachman And N; Hidayati. Ektraksi Minyak Atsiri Dari Bunga Cengkeh Dengan Pelarut Etanol Dan N-Heksana. UMS Publikasi Ilmiah, 2016, pp. 131-137.
[14] 
Gülçin, Ì.; Şat, İ.G.; Beydemir, Ş.; Elmastaş, M.; Küfrevioǧlu, Ö.İ. Comparison of antioxidant activity of clove (Eugenia caryophylata Thunb) buds and lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.). J. Food Chem.,  2004, 87(3), 393-400.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.12.008] 
[15] 
Raina, V.; Srivastava, S.; Aggarwal, K.; Syamasundar, K.; Kumar, S.J.F. Essential oil composition of Syzygium aromaticum leaf from Little Andaman, India. Flavour Fragrance J.,  2001, 16(5), 334-336.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1005] 
[16] 
González-Rivera, J.; Duce, C.; Falconieri, D.; Ferrari, C.; Ghezzi, L.; Piras, A.; Tine, M.R.J.I.F.S. Coaxial microwave assisted Hydro distillation of essential oils from five different herbs lavender, rosemary, sage, fennel seeds and clove buds: chemical composition and thermal analysis. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol.,  2016, 33, 308-318.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2015.12.011] 
[17] 
Yamini, Y.; Bahramifar, N.; Sefidkon, F.; Saharkhiz, M.J.; Salamifar, E. Extraction of essential oil from Pimpinella anisum using supercritical carbon dioxide and comparison with hydrodistillation. Nat. Prod. Res.,  2008, 22(3), 212-218.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786410601130349] 
[18] 
Zhao, S.; Zhang, D. Supercritical CO2 extraction of Eucalyptus leaves oil and comparison with Soxhlet extraction and hydro-distillation methods. Separ. Purif. Tech.,  2014, 133, 443-451.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.07.018] 
[19] 
Eskilsson, C.S.; Björklund, E. Analytical-scale microwave-assisted extraction. J. Chromatogr. A,  2000, 902(1), 227-250.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00921-3] 
[20] 
Mishra, R. And S. J. I. R. Kalyani. Antimicrobial activities of syzigium aromaticum L.(Clove). Int. Res. J. Biol. Sci.,  2014, 3(8), 22-25.
[21] 
Garba, L.; Lawan, H.; Puma, H.; Abdullahi, M.; Yusuf, I.; Mukhtar, M.J.J.O.B. Phytochemical screening and in vitro bacteriostatic effects of Syzigium aromaticum (clove) extracts on clinical bacterial isolates. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.,  2019, 7(1), 5-9.
[22] 
Frohlich, P.C.; Santos, K.A.; Palu, F.; Cardozo-Filho, L.C. Da Silva And E. A. J. T. J. O. S. F. Da Silva. Evaluation of the effects of temperature and pressure on the extraction of eugenol from clove (Syzygium aromaticum) leaves using supercritical CO2. J. Supercrit. Fluids,  2019, 143, 313-320.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2018.09.009] 
[23] 
Inam, F.; Deo And, S.; Narkhede, N. HPLC–UV method development and quantification of eugenol from methanolic extracts of some spices. Int. J. Chem. Phys Sci.,  2014, 3, 96-102.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite

Article Metrics

32

2

DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213240607999200818161356	Print ISSN 2213-2406
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 2213-2414

Current Chromatography

Extraction and Quantification of Eugenol from Clove Buds Using HPLC

Abstract

Related Journals

Related Books