Generic placeholder image

Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2210-6812
ISSN (Online): 2210-6820

Research Article

Formulation and Evaluation of DHA Oil based Nicotinamide Nanoemulsion Gel for Treating Atopic Dermatitis

Author(s): Gayathri P. Pradeep and Vidya Viswanad*

Volume 10, Issue 6, 2020

Page: [892 - 901] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/2210681210666200210115526

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Atopic dermatitis (or eczema) can be defined as a chronic inflammatory condition accompanied by severe pruritus.

Objective: The prepared gel was evaluated for in vitro drug release, in vitro occlusion studies, transepidermal water loss studies, skin permeation studies, in vitro skin irritation studies and antiinflammatory cell line studies.

Methods: In vitro drug release studies were performed using Franz diffusion cells. The in vitro occlusion studies were carried out by the procedure reported by Wissing et al. TEWL determination was done by the method proposed by Reiger. The skin permeation studies were carried out using porcine skin using Franz diffusion cells. In vitro skin irritation study was carried out using HETCAM (Hen’s Egg Test on the Chorioallantoic Membrane) method. Anti-inflammatory cell line studies were carried out using RAW 264.7 cell lines.

Results: In vitro drug release studies,drug release of nicotinamide from nanoemulsion gel was found to be more than marketed gel. Kinetic modelling showed a higuchi model with non-fickian diffusion. In vitro occlusion study showed the percentage of evaporated water from prepared nanoemulsion formulation after 72 h is very less compared with the other formulations. The TEWL measurement shows the reduction in TEWL has more in prepared nanoemulsion gel than other formulations. Anti-inflammatory cell line studies proved that the nanoemulsion gel has inhibition capacity on COX activity, LOX activity, Inducibe nitric oxide synthase and cellular nitrate levels.

Conclusion: DHA oil based nicotinamidenanoemulsion gel were prepared successfully and the evaluation of prepared gel showed better drug release and skin permeation with better antiinflammatory activity.

Keywords: Atopic dermatitis, nicotinamide, trans epidermal water loss, chorioallantoic membrane, eczema, skin permeation.

Graphical Abstract
[1]
Williams, H.C. Clinical practice. Atopic dermatitis. N. Engl. J. Med., 2005, 352(22), 2314-2324.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp042803 ] [PMID: 15930422]
[2]
Carr, W.W. Topical calcineurin inhibitors for atopic dermatitis: Review and treatment recommendations. Paediatr. Drugs, 2013, 15(4), 303-310.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40272-013-0013-9 ] [PMID: 23549982]
[3]
Williams, H.C. Is the prevalence of atopic dermatitis increasing? Clin. Exp. Dermatol., 1992, 17(6), 385-391.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1992.tb00244.x ] [PMID: 1486704]
[4]
Spergel, J.M.; Paller, A.S. Atopic dermatitis and the atopic march. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2003, 112(6)(Suppl.), S118-S127.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2003.09.033 ] [PMID: 14657842]
[5]
Nutten, S. Atopic dermatitis: Global epidemiology and risk factors. Ann. Nutr. Metab., 2015, 66(Suppl. 1), 8-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000370220 ] [PMID: 25925336]
[6]
Avena-Woods, C. Overview of atopic dermatitis. Am. J. Manag. Care, 2017, 23(8)(Suppl.), S115-S123.
[PMID: 28978208]
[7]
Küster, W.; Petersen, M.; Christophers, E.; Goos, M.; Sterry, W. A family study of atopic dermatitis. Clinical and genetic characteristics of 188 patients and 2,151 family members. Arch. Dermatol. Res., 1990, 282(2), 98-102.
[PMID: 2353830]
[8]
Williams, H.C. Atopic dermatitis. N. Engl. J. Med., 2005, 352, 2314-2324.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp042803]
[9]
Leung, D.Y.; Boguniewicz, M.; Howell, M.D.; Nomura, I.; Hamid, Q.A. New insights into atopic dermatitis. J. Clin. Invest., 2004, 113(5), 651-657.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI21060 ] [PMID: 14991059]
[10]
Spergel, J.M.; Paller, A.S. Atopic dermatitis and the atopic march. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2003, 112, S118-S127.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2003.09.033]
[11]
Bantz, S.K.; Zhu, Z.; Zheng, T. The atopic march: Progression from atopic dermatitis to allergic rhinitis and asthma. J. Clin. Cell. Immunol., 2014, 5(2), 202.
[PMID: 25419479]
[12]
Spergel, J.M. From atopic dermatitis to asthma: the atopic march. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol., 2010, 105(2), 99-106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2009.10.002 ] [PMID: 20674819]
[13]
Nowicki, R.; Trzeciak, M.; Wilkowska, A.; Sokołowska-Wojdyło, M.; Ługowska-Umer, H.; Barańska-Rybak, W.; Kaczmarski, M.; Kowalewski, C.; Kruszewski, J.; Maj, J.; Silny, W.; Śpiewak, R.; Petranyuk, A. Atopic dermatitis: Current treatment guidelines. Statement of the experts of the dermatological section, polish society of allergology, and the allergology section, polish society of dermatology. Postepy Dermatol. Alergol., 2015, 32(4), 239-249.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pdia.2015.53319 ] [PMID: 26366146]
[14]
Thomsen, S.F. Atopic dermatitis: Natural history, diagnosis, and treatment. ISRN Allergy, 2014.2014354250
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/354250 ] [PMID: 25006501]
[15]
David Boothe, W.; Tarbox, J.A.; Tarbox, M.B. Atopic Dermatitis: Pathophysiology. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2017, 1027, 21-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64804-0_3 ] [PMID: 29063428]
[16]
Peng, W.; Novak, N. Pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 2015, 45(3), 566-574.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cea.12495 ] [PMID: 25610977]
[17]
Fölster-Holst, R.; Pape, M.; Buss, Y.L.; Christophers, E.; Weichenthal, M. Low prevalence of the intrinsic form of atopic dermatitis among adult patients. Allergy, 2006, 61(5), 629-632.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01076.x ] [PMID: 16629795]
[18]
Brown, S.J.; Irvine, A.D. Atopic eczema and the filaggrin story. Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg., 2008, 27(2), 128-137.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sder.2008.04.001 ] [PMID: 18620134]
[19]
Karimkhani, C.; Silverberg, J.I.; Dellavalle, R.P. Defining intrinsic vs. extrinsic atopic dermatitis. Dermatol. Online J., 2015, 21(6) 13030/qt14p8p404.
[PMID: 26158358]
[20]
Aquino, M.; Fonacier, L. The role of contact dermatitis in patients with atopic dermatitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract., 2014, 2(4), 382-387.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2014.05.004 ] [PMID: 25017524]
[21]
Zaniboni, M.C.; Samorano, L.P.; Orfali, R.L.; Aoki, V. Skin barrier in atopic dermatitis: beyond filaggrin. An. Bras. Dermatol., 2016, 91(4), 472-478.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164412 ] [PMID: 27579743]
[22]
Fleischer, A.B., Jr Diagnosis and management of common dermatoses in children: Atopic, seborrheic, and contact dermatitis. Clin. Pediatr. (Phila.), 2008, 47(4), 332-346.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922807309421 ] [PMID: 18057146]
[23]
David, T.J.; Devlin, J.; Ewing, C.I. Atopic and seborrheic dermatitis: Practical management. Paediatrician, 1991, 18(3), 211-217.
[PMID: 1835003]
[24]
Abreu-Velez, A.M.; Pinto, F.J., Jr; Howard, M.S. Dyshidrotic eczema: Relevance to the immune response in situ. N. Am. J. Med. Sci., 2009, 1(3), 117-120.
[PMID: 22666682]
[25]
Brunner, P.M.; Guttman-Yassky, E.; Leung, D.Y.M. The immunology of atopic dermatitis and its reversibility with broad-spectrum and targeted therapies. Am. Acad. Allergy Asthma Immunol., 2017, 139(4), S65-S76.
[26]
Yamanaka, K.I.; Mizutani, H. The role of cytokines/chemokines in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Curr. Probl. Dermatol., 2011, 41, 80-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000323299 ] [PMID: 21576949]
[27]
Tokura, Y. Extrinsic and intrinsic types of atopic dermatitis. J. Dermatol. Sci., 2010, 58(1), 1-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.02.008 ] [PMID: 20207111]
[28]
Mohamed, A.T.; Keleb, E.I.; Elmahgoubi, A.; Eid, A.M.; Issa, Y.S.; Elmarzugi, N.A. Nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel as a topical formulation. IOSR J. Pharm., 2015, 5(10), 43-47.
[29]
Wang, P-W.; Yang, S-C.; Chou, W-L.; Fang, J-Y. Cosmetic and therapeutic applications of fish oil’s fatty acids on the skin. Mar. Drugs, 2018, 16(8), 256.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16080256]
[30]
Lahiji, A.P.; Mortazavi, M.; Tirani, S.A.; Moeinzadeh, F.; Bidaki, E.Z.; Naini, A.E.; Faghihi, G.; Toghyani, A.; Farajzadegan, Z. Omega-3 supplementation improves pruritus in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients: A crossover randomized pilot clinical trial. J. Res. Pharm. Pract., 2018, 7(4), 195-199.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_18_64 ] [PMID: 30622987]
[31]
Gehring, W. Nicotinic acid/niacinamide and the skin. J. Cosmet. Dermatol., 2004, 3(2), 88-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2130.2004.00115.x ] [PMID: 17147561]
[32]
Otte, N.; Borelli, C.; Korting, H.C. Nicotinamide-biologic actions of an emerging cosmetic ingredient. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 2005, 27(5), 255-261.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00266.x ] [PMID: 18492206]
[33]
Hon, K.L.; Kung, J.S.C.; Ng, W.G.G.; Leung, T.F. Emollient treatment of atopic dermatitis: Latest evidence and clinical considerations. Drugs Context, 2018.7212530
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7573/dic.212530 ] [PMID: 29692852]
[34]
Hussain, A.; Samad, A.; Singh, S.K.; Ahsan, M.N.; Haque, M.W.; Faruk, A.; Ahmed, F.J. Nanoemulsion gel-based topical delivery of an antifungal drug: In vitro activity and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv., 2016, 23(2), 642-647.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2014.933284 ] [PMID: 25013957]
[35]
Zheng, Y.; Ouyang, W-Q.; Wei, Y-P.; Syed, S.F.; Hao, C.S.; Wang, B.Z.; Shang, Y.H. Effects of Carbopol® 934 proportion on nanoemulsion gel for topical and transdermal drug delivery: A skin permeation study. Int. J. Nanomed, 2016, 11, 5971-5987.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S119286 ] [PMID: 27877042]
[36]
Matts, P.J.; Oblong, J.E.; Bissett, D.L. A review of the range of effects of niacinamide in human skin. IFSCC Magazine, 2002, 5(4), 285-289.
[37]
Kakkar, V.; Saini, K. Scope of nano delivery for atopic dermatitis. Pharmacol. Pharm., 2017, 2(7), 1038.
[38]
Kakkar, V.; Kumar, M.; Saini, K. An overview of atopic dermatitis with a focus on nano-interventions. EMJ Innov., 2019, 3(1), 44-54.
[39]
Boguniewicz, M.; Leung, D.Y. Atopic dermatitis: A disease of altered skin barrier and immune dysregulation. Immunol. Rev., 2011, 242(1), 233-246.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01027.x ] [PMID: 21682749]
[40]
Lee, J.H.; Son, S.W.; Cho, S.H. A comprehensive review of the treatment of atopic eczema. Allergy Asthma Immunol. Res., 2016, 8(3), 181-190.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4168/aair.2016.8.3.181 ] [PMID: 26922927]
[41]
Veien, N.K. Acute and recurrent vesicular hand dermatitis. Dermatol. Clin., 2009, 27(3), 337-353. vii
[42]
Sundaresan, S.; Migden, M.R.; Silapunt, S. Stasis dermatitis: Pa-thophysiology, evaluation, and management. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol., 2017, 18(3), 383-390.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40257-016-0250-0 ] [PMID: 28063094]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy