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ISSN (Online): 1873-4286

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Review Article

Traditional Risk Factors are Causally Related to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression: Inferences from Observational Cohort Studies and Interventional Trials

Author(s): Beatrice Frigerio, José P. Werba, Mauro Amato, Alessio Ravani, Daniela Sansaro, Daniela Coggi, Lorenzo Vigo, Elena Tremoli and Damiano Baldassarre*

Volume 26, Issue 1, 2020

Page: [11 - 24] Pages: 14

DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191213120339

Price: $65

Abstract

In the present review, associations between traditional vascular risk factors (VRFs) and carotid intimamedial thickness progression (C-IMTp) as well as the effects of therapies for VRFs control on C-IMTp were appraised to infer causality between each VRF and C-IMTp. Cohort studies indicate that smoking, binge drinking, fatness, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are associated with accelerated C-IMTp. An exception is physical activity, with mixed data. Interventions for the control of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia decelerate C-IMTp. Conversely, scarce information is available regarding the effect of smoking cessation, stop of excessive alcohol intake and management of the metabolic syndrome. Altogether, these data support a causative role of several traditional VRFs on C-IMTp. Shortcomings in study design and/or ultrasonographic protocols may account for most negative studies, which underlines the importance of careful consideration of methodological aspects in investigations using C-IMTp as the outcome.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis, risk factors, carotid intima-medial thickness, atherosclerosis progression, ultrasonography, hypercholesterolemia.

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