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Current Cancer Drug Targets

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ISSN (Online): 1873-5576

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Review Article

Novel Mechanistic Insights into the Anti-cancer Mode of Arsenic Trioxide

Author(s): Md Wahiduzzaman, Akinobu Ota* and Yoshitaka Hosokawa

Volume 20, Issue 2, 2020

Page: [115 - 129] Pages: 15

DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191021122006

Price: $65

Abstract

Arsenic, a naturally-occurring toxic element, and a traditionally-used drug, has received a great deal of attention worldwide due to its curative anti-cancer properties in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Among the arsenicals, arsenic trioxide has been most widely used as an anti-cancer drug. Recent advances in cancer therapeutics have led to a paradigm shift away from traditional cytotoxic drugs towards the targeting of proteins closely associated with driving the cancer phenotype. Due to the diverse anti-cancer effects of ATO on different types of malignancies, numerous studies have made efforts to uncover the mechanisms of ATO-induced tumor suppression. From in vitro cellular models to studies in clinical settings, ATO has been extensively studied. The outcomes of these studies have opened doors to establishing improved molecular-targeted therapies for cancer treatment. The efficacy of ATO has been augmented by combination with other drugs. In this review, we discuss recent arsenic-based cancer therapies and summarize the novel underlying molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer effects of ATO.

Keywords: Arsenic, anti-cancer drug, chemotherapy, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, acute promyelocytic leukemia.

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Graphical Abstract

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