Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1568-0266
ISSN (Online): 1873-4294

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Immunochemical Characterization of Setaria cervi Microfilarial Antigens Using Novel Antibodies

Author(s): Anuradha Kalani*, Komal Kalani, Poonam Chaturvedi and Pankaj Chaturvedi

Volume 19, Issue 14, 2019

Page: [1263 - 1274] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190618112822

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Filariasis affects millions of people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is caused by nematode roundworm. In order to develop a vaccine and specific diagnostic tests, it is important to characterize different stages of the filarial worms. Microfilariae (Mf) stage of the roundworm is found in host’s blood or lymph vessels and can be important not only for developing better immunodiagnostics but also for understanding immune recognition and its relevance to immunepathogenesis and protective immunity.

Objective: The present study aimed to immunocharacterize Mf and adult worm antigens that could be helpful in future diagnostic tests.

Methods: Four different immune sera against Setaria cervi intact live, intact live with adjuvant, intact glutaraldehyde fixed with adjuvant and total somatic Mf were prepared and used for the immunocharacterization of Mf antigens.

Results: Our study results suggest that compared to fixed intact Mf, live intact Mf are more immunogenic, as the immune sera generated against intact live Mf showed high ELISA reactivity with Setaria cervi Mf and adult worm antigens. All the four immune sera IgG fractions had surface specificity as determined through considerable ELISA reactivity with S. cervi intact Mf. When tested under native conditions (immunoelectrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis), all the four immune rabbit sera were able to detect antigens of S. cervi Mf and adult stages.

Conclusion: These results can be useful in detailed understanding of the complex nature of the Mf and adult antigens, which are prerequisites in the development of vaccine and more specific diagnostic tests.

Keywords: ELISA, Filaria, Immunoelectrophoresis, Microfilaria, Novel antibodies, Immunochemical characterization.

« Previous
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Molyneux, D. Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis) Elimination: A public health success and development opportunity. Filaria J., 2003, 2(1), 13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2883-2-13] [PMID: 13129436]
[2]
WHO. Lymphatic filariasis: the disease and its control. Fifth report of the WHO Expert Committee on Filariasis. World Health Organ. Tech. Rep. Ser., 1992, 821, 1-71.
[PMID: 1441569]
[3]
WHO. Lymphatic filariasis fact sheet 2018.(Available at: , www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lymphatic-filariasis
[4]
Ottesen, E.A. Lymphatic filariasis: Treatment, control and elimination. Adv. Parasitol., 2006, 61, 395-441.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-308X(05)61010-X] [PMID: 16735170]
[5]
Ottesen, E.A.; Hooper, P.J.; Bradley, M.; Biswas, G. The global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: health impact after 8 years. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 2008, 2(10)e317
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000317] [PMID: 18841205]
[6]
Gedge, L.M.; Bettis, A.A.; Bradley, M.H.; Hollingsworth, T.D.; Turner, H.C. Economic evaluations of lymphatic filariasis interventions: a systematic review and research needs. Parasit. Vectors, 2018, 11(1), 75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2616-z] [PMID: 29391042]
[7]
Khamboonruang, C.; Thitasut, P.; Pan-In, S.; Morakote, N.; Choochote, W.; Somboon, P.; Keha, P. Filariasis in Tak Province, northwest Thailand: the presence of subperiodic variant Wuchereria bancrofti. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1987, 18(2), 218-222.
[PMID: 3313738]
[8]
Sabry, M. Critical analysis of an epidemetrons model for the assessment of bancroftian filariasis endemicity in some areas in Egypt. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 1992, 95(4), 260-265.
[PMID: 1495122]
[9]
Samykutty, A.; Dakshinamoorthy, G.; Kalyanasundaram, R. Multivalent vaccine for lymphatic filariasis. Procedia Vaccinol., 2010, 3, 12-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.provac.2010.11.003] [PMID: 21709765]
[10]
Horton, J. The development of albendazole for lymphatic filariasis. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 2009, 103(Suppl. 1), S33-S40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000349809X12502035776595] [PMID: 19843396]
[11]
Schwab, A.E.; Churcher, T.S.; Schwab, A.J.; Basáñez, M.G.; Prichard, R.K. An analysis of the population genetics of potential multi-drug resistance in Wuchereria bancrofti due to combination chemotherapy. Parasitology, 2007, 134(Pt 7), 1025-1040.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031182007002363] [PMID: 17320006]
[12]
Muthian, G.; Pradeep, C.G.; Sargapradeep, K.; Kaleysaraj, R.; Bright, J.J. Setaria digitata secreted filarial lipids modulate IL-12 signaling through JAK-STAT pathway leading to the development of Th1 response. Exp. Parasitol., 2006, 114(3), 193-203.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2006.03.006] [PMID: 16647056]
[13]
Lutsch, C.; Cesbron, J.Y.; Zahner, H.; Capron, A. Detection of circulating and urinary antigens in Mastomys natalensis experimentally infected with Brugia malayi, Brugia pahangi, or Litomosoides carinii. Parasitol. Res., 1987, 74(2), 191-195.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00536033] [PMID: 3438300]
[14]
Riyong, D.; Dekumyoy, P.; Panasoponkul, C.; Waikagul, J. Detection of IgG antibodies of Brugian filariasis with crude male and female antigens of Dirofilaria immitis. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2005, 36(Suppl. 4), 80-85.
[PMID: 16438185]
[15]
Malhotra, A.; Kaushal, N.A.; Ghatak, S. Protein and antigenic composition of adult and microfilarial stages of Setaria cervi. Immunol. Invest., 1986, 15(6), 505-519.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08820138609026691] [PMID: 2432003]
[16]
Sundar, S.T.; D’Souza, P.E. Morphological characterization of Setaria worms collected from cattle. J. Parasit. Dis., 2015, 39(3), 572-576.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12639-013-0399-x] [PMID: 26345074]
[17]
Pokharel, D.R.; Rai, R.; Kumar, P.; Chaturvedi, C.M.; Rathaur, S. Tissue localization of collagenase and leucine aminopeptidase in the bovine filarial parasite Setaria cervi. Filaria J., 2006, 5, 7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2883-5-7] [PMID: 16716219]
[18]
Wingfield, P. Protein precipitation using ammonium sulfate. Curr Protoc Protein Sci. 2001. Appendix, 3(Appendix), 3F.
[http://dx.doi.org/DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.psa03fs13]
[19]
Kaushal, N.A.; Srivastava, N.; Mustafa, H.; Tandon, A.; Singh, S.K.; Kaushal, D.C. Isolation of an antigen fraction from Setaria cervi adults having potential for immunodiagnosis of human filariasis. Immunol. Invest., 2009, 38(8), 749-761.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08820130903204093] [PMID: 19860586]
[20]
Mustafa, H.; Srivastava, N.; Kaushal, D.C.; Kaushal, N.A. Analysis and potential of excretory-secretory antigens of Setaria cervi for immunodiagnosis of human filariasis. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 1996, 34(6), 508-512.
[PMID: 8792637]
[21]
Kalani, A.; Kamat, P.K.; Tyagi, N. Diabetic Stroke Severity: Epigenetic remodeling and neuronal, glial, and vascular dysfunction. Diabetes, 2015, 64(12), 4260-4271.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db15-0422] [PMID: 26470785]
[22]
Lowry, O.H.; Rosebrough, N.J.; Farr, A.L.; Randall, R.J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 1951, 193(1), 265-275.
[PMID: 14907713]
[23]
Laemmli, U.K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 1970, 227(5259), 680-685.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/227680a0] [PMID: 5432063]
[24]
Chaturvedi, P.; Kalani, A.; Medina, I.; Familtseva, A.; Tyagi, S.C. Cardiosome mediated regulation of MMP9 in diabetic heart: Role of mir29b and mir455 in exercise. J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2015, 19(9), 2153-2161.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.12589] [PMID: 25824442]
[25]
Grabar, P.; Williams, C.A. Method permitting the combined study of the electrophoretic and the immunochemical properties of protein mixtures; application to blood serum. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1953, 10(1), 193-194.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3002(53)90233-9] [PMID: 13041735]
[26]
Ouchterlony, O. Quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Suppl, 1962(Suppl. 154), 252-254.
[PMID: 14482810]
[27]
Kaushal, N.A.; Kaushal, D.C.; Ghatak, S. Identification of antigenic proteins of setaria cervi by immunoblotting technique. Immunol. Invest., 1987, 16(2), 139-149.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08820138709030571] [PMID: 2442100]
[28]
Kaushal, N.A.; Kaushal, D.C.; Ghosh, S.; Talwar, G.P. Monoclonal antibodies against antigenic epitopes common between Setaria cervi and Brugia malayi. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 1994, 32(6), 371-375.
[PMID: 7525468]
[29]
Mackenzie, C.D.; Preston, P.M.; Ogilvie, B.M. Immunological properties of the surface of parasitic nematodes. Nature, 1978, 276(5690), 826-828.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/276826a0] [PMID: 723957]
[30]
Ravindran, B.; Satapathy, A.K.; Das, M.K.; Pattnaik, N.M.; Subramanyam, V.R. Antibodies to microfilarial sheath in bancroftian filariasis-prevalence and characterization. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 1990, 84(6), 607-613.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1990.11812516] [PMID: 2076039]
[31]
Das, M.K.; Subramanyam, V.R.; Ravindran, B.; Pattnaik, N.M. A study of the antigen, antibody and immunecomplex levels in Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis with reference to clinical status. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 1987, 90(3), 135-141.
[PMID: 3295279]
[32]
Edwards, M.K.; Busto, P.; James, E.R.; Carlow, C.K.; Philipp, M. Antigenic and dynamic properties of the surface of Onchocerca microfilariae. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 1990, 41(2), 174-180.
[PMID: 2200104]
[33]
Folkard, S.G.; Jenkins, R.E.; Bianco, A.E. Vaccination generates serum-mediated protection against Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae in the mouse. Trop. Med. Int. Health, 1996, 1(3), 359-362.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.1996.d01-48.x] [PMID: 8673839]
[34]
Dissanayake, S.; Chandana, A.K. An egg surface antigen of Setaria digitata (filariae) shed on development to microfilariae. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 1988, 82(4), 616-620.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(88)90530-5] [PMID: 3256115]
[35]
Philipp, M.; Parkhouse, R.M.; Ogilvie, B.M. Changing proteins on the surface of a parasitic nematode. Nature, 1980, 287(5782), 538-540.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/287538a0] [PMID: 7422005]
[36]
Theodore, J.G.; Kaliraj, P. Isolation, purification and characterization of surface antigens of the bovine filarial parasite Setaria digitata for the immunodiagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. J. Helminthol., 1990, 64(2), 105-114.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00012001] [PMID: 2201719]
[37]
Schares, G.; Schützle, B.; Zahner, H.; Conraths, F.J. Surface antigens of Litomosoides carinii microfilariae: Agglutinating antibodies react with sheath components of 40 and 120 kilo Dalton molecular mass. Parasitology, 1994, 109(Pt 1), 73-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000077787] [PMID: 7520154]
[38]
Sharma, S.; Rathaur, S. Characterization of secretory acetylcholinesterase from Setaria cervi microfilariae: A potential antigen for diagnosis of human filariasis. Trop. Med. Int. Health, 1999, 4(5), 341-348.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.1999.00404.x] [PMID: 10402969]
[39]
Lal, R.B.; Ottesen, E.A. Characterization of stage-specific antigens of infective larvae of the filarial parasite Brugia malayi. J. Immunol., 1988, 140(6), 2032-2038.
[PMID: 3346549]
[40]
Malhotra, A.; Kaushal, N.A.; Kaushal, D.C.; Ghatak, S. Antigenic characterization of excretory-secretory products of Setaria cervi. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 1987, 38(2), 106-110.
[PMID: 3629131]
[41]
Bright, J.J.; Kaleysaraj, R. Cuticle specific antigens from filarial parasite Setaria digitata. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 1990, 28(1), 6-9.
[PMID: 2365409]
[42]
Lobos, E.; Weiss, N. Immunochemical comparison between worm extracts of Onchocerca volvulus from savanna and rain forest. Parasite Immunol., 1985, 7(3), 333-347.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3024.1985.tb00080.x] [PMID: 4011303]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
25
4
1
1
World Chagas Disease
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy