Generic placeholder image

Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1872-2113
ISSN (Online): 2212-4039

Review Article

Nutraceuticals’ Novel Formulations: The Good, the Bad, the Unknown and Patents Involved

Author(s): Nada A. Helal, Heba A. Eassa, Ahmed M. Amer, Mohamed A. Eltokhy, Ivan Edafiogho and Mohamed I. Nounou*

Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019

Page: [105 - 156] Pages: 52

DOI: 10.2174/1872211313666190503112040

Abstract

Traditional nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals hold pragmatic nature with respect to their definitions, claims, purposes and marketing strategies. Their definitions are not well established worldwide. They also have different regulatory definitions and registration regulatory processes in different parts of the world. Global prevalence of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals is noticeably high with large market share with minimal regulation compared to traditional drugs. The global market is flooded with nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals claiming to be of natural origin and sold with a therapeutic claim by major online retail stores such as Amazon and eBay. Apart from the traditional formulations, many manufacturers and researchers use novel formulation technologies in nutraceutical and cosmeceutical formulations for different reasons and objectives. Manufacturers tend to differentiate their products with novel formulations to increase market appeal and sales. On the other hand, researchers use novel strategies to enhance nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals activity and safety.

The objective of this review is to assess the current patents and research adopting novel formulation strategies in nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals. Patents and research papers investigating nutraceutical and cosmeceutical novel formulations were surveyed for the past 15 years. Various nanosystems and advanced biotechnology systems have been introduced to improve the therapeutic efficacy, safety and market appeal of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, quantum dots, nanoparticles, and dendrimers. This review provides an overview of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals current technologies, highlighting their pros, cons, misconceptions, regulatory definitions and market. This review also aims in separating the science from fiction in the nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals development, research and marketing.

Keywords: Nutraceuticals, adulteration, counterfeiting, novel drug delivery, nanocarriers, fortified foods, toxicity, regulatory affairs.

Next »
Graphical Abstract
[1]
Witkamp RF, Van Norren K. Let thy food be thy medicine when possible. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 836: 102-14.
[2]
Ruchi S. Role of nutraceuticals in health care: A review Int J Green Pharm 2017; 11(3):
[http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.22377/ijgp. v11i03.1146]
[3]
Petrovska BB. Historical review of medicinal plants’ usage. Pharmacogn Rev 2012; 6(11): 1-5.
[4]
Xiang YZ, Shang HC, Gao XM, Zhang BL. A comparison of the ancient use of ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine with modern pharmacological experiments and clinical trials. Phytother Res 2008; 22(7): 851-8.
[5]
Ujjaliya N, Dash S, Jain SK. A review on nutraceuticals in Ayurveda. World J Pharmacy Pharm Sci 2018; 7(5): 277-81.
[6]
Nasri H, Baradaran A, Shirzad H, Rafieian-Kopaei M. New concepts in nutraceuticals as alternative for pharmaceuticals. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5(12): 1487-99.
[7]
Kalra EK. Nutraceutical--definition and introduction. AAPS PharmSci 2003; 5(3)E25
[8]
Gulati OP, Berry OP. Legislation relating to nutraceuticals in the European Union with a particular focus on botanical-sourced products. Toxicology 2006; 221(1): 75-87.
[9]
Andlauer W, Fürst P. Nutraceuticals: A piece of history, present status and outlook. Food Res Int 2002; 35(2-3): 171-6.
[10]
Dickinson A. History and overview of DSHEA. Fitoterapia 2011; 82(1): 5-10.
[11]
Bass S. Dietary supplement regulation: A comprehensive guide Food Drug Law Institute (U.S.); p. 120 2011
[12]
Defelice SL. The nutraceutical revolution, its impact on food industry research and development. Trends Food Sci Technol 1995; 6(2): 59-61.
[13]
Santini A, Cammarata SM, Capone G, et al. Nutraceuticals: Opening the debate for a regulatory framework. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84(4): 659-72.
[14]
U.S. Food and Drug Adminstration (FDA). Is it a cosmetic, a drug, or both? (or is it soap?). In: Services D.o.H.a.H., editor. Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA: U.S. Food and Drug Adminstration (FDA); 2018.
[15]
Stellavato A, Pirozzi AVA, de Novellis F, et al. In vitro assessment of nutraceutical compounds and novel nutraceutical formulations in a liver-steatosis-based model. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17: 24.
[16]
Bourbon AI, Pinheiro AC, Cerqueira MA, Vicente AA. In vitro digestion of lactoferrin-glycomacropeptide nanohydrogels incorporating bioactive compounds: Effect of a chitosan coating. Food Hydrocolloids 2018; 84: 267-75.
[17]
Zhang X, Liu J, Qian C, Kan J, Jin CH. Effect of grafting method on the physical property and antioxidant potential of chitosan film functionalized with gallic acid. Food Hydrocolloids 2019; 89: 1-10.
[18]
Liu F, Zhu Z, Ma C, et al. Fabrication of concentrated fish oil emulsions using dual-channel microfluidization: Impact of droplet concentration on physical properties and lipid oxidation. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64(50): 9532-41.
[19]
Hu B, Ting Y, Zeng X, Huang Q. Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of chitosan-caseinophosphopeptides nanocomplexes loaded with epigallocatechin gallate. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89(2): 362-70.
[20]
Khan N, Bharali DJ, Adhami VM, et al. Oral administration of naturally occurring chitosan-based nanoformulated green tea polyphenol EGCG effectively inhibits prostate cancer cell growth in a xenograft model. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35(2): 415-23.
[21]
Jia Q, Yimam M, Ping J, Hong M, Moore B. Compositions, methods, and medical compositions for treatment of and maintaining the health of the liver. US20170035829A1 (2017).
[22]
Nounou MI, Ko Y, Helal NA, Boltz JF. Adulteration and counterfeiting of online nutraceutical formulations in the United States: Time for intervention? J Diet Suppl 2018; 15(5): 789-804.
[23]
Ekor M. The growing use of herbal medicines: Issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Front Pharmacol 2014; 4: 177.
[24]
Swaroopa G, Srinath D. Nutraceuticals and their health benefits. Int J Pure App Biosci 2017; 5(4): 1151-5.
[25]
Santini A, Novellino E. Nutraceuticals - shedding light on the grey area between pharmaceuticals and food. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2018; 11(6): 545-7.
[26]
U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH). Dietary supplement health and education act of 1994. In: Department of Health and Human Services, editor. United States: U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH); 2007 p. Public law 103-417.
[27]
Chintale AG, Kadam VS, Sakhare RS, Birajdar GO, Nalwad DN. Role of nutraceuticals in various diseases: A comprehensive review. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2013; 3: 290-9.
[28]
Asghar A, Randhawa MA, Masood MM, Abdullah M, Irshad MA. Nutraceutical formulation strategies to enhance the bioavailability and efficiency: An overview Role of Materials Science in Food Bioengineering. Elsevier 2018; pp. 329-52.
[29]
McClements DJ, Zou L, Zhang R, Salvia-Trujillo L, Kumosani T, Xiao H. Enhancing nutraceutical performance using excipient foods: Designing food structures and compositions to increase bioavailability. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 14(6): 824-47.
[30]
Amol K, Pratibha P. Novel drug delivery system in herbal’s. Int J Pharm Chem Biol Sci 2014; 4(4): 910-30.
[31]
Singh D. Application of novel drug delivery system in enhancing the therapeutic potential of phytoconstituents. Asian J Pharm 2015; 9(4)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v9i4.480]
[32]
Saraf S. Applications of novel drug delivery system for herbal formulations. Fitoterapia 2010; 81(7): 680-9.
[33]
Staudacher HM, Irving PM, Lomer MCE, Whelan K. The challenges of control groups, placebos and blinding in clinical trials of dietary interventions. Proc Nutr Soc 2017; 76(3): 203-12.
[34]
Padmavathi D. A general review on “Nutraceuticals”: Its golden health impact over human community. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 3(2): 214-7.
[35]
Sapkale AP, Thorat MS, Vir PR, Singh MC. Nutraceuticals-global status and applications: A review. Int J Pharm Chem Sci 2012; 1(3): 1166-81.
[36]
Singh J, Sinha S. Classification, regulatory acts and applications of nutraceuticals for health. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 2012; 2: 177-87.
[37]
Witham PH, Paul EL. Formulations containing omega-3 fatty acids or esters thereof and maqui berry extract and therapeutic uses thereof. US20180243253A1 (2018).
[38]
MacRedmond R, Singhera G, Attridge S, et al. Conjugated linoleic acid improves airway hyper‐reactivity in overweight mild asthmatics. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40(7): 1071-8.
[39]
Bassino E, Gasparri F, Munaron L. Pleiotropic effects of white willow bark and 1, 2-decanediol on human adult keratinocytes. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 31(1): 10-8.
[40]
Chang R. Bioactive polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine herbs as anticancer adjuvants. J Alt Comp Med 2002; 8(5): 559-65.
[41]
Sun J, Li X, Yu X. Polysaccharides, total flavonoids content and antioxidant activities in different parts of Silybum marianum L plants. AIP Conference Proceedings 2017 AIP Publishing
[42]
Nema N, Kumar A, Pillewan MB, Mishra PK, Biswas S. Importance of nutraceuticals in various diseases and human health: A litreture review. World J Pharm Med Res 2018; 4(9): 104-10.
[43]
Jaganathan SK, Supriyanto E. Antiproliferative and molecular mechanism of eugenol-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Molecules 2012; 17(6): 6290-304.
[44]
Ghosh R, Nadiminty N, Fitzpatrick JE, Alworth WL, Slaga TJ, Kumar AP. Eugenol causes melanoma growth suppression through inhibition of E2F1 transcriptional activity. J Bio Chem 2005; 280(7): 5812-9.
[45]
Das L, Bhaumik E, Raychaudhuri U, Chakraborty R. Role of nutraceuticals in human health. J Food Sci Technol 2012; 49(2): 173-83.
[46]
Ander BP, Dupasquier CM, Prociuk MA, Pierce GN. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their effects on cardiovascular disease. Exp Clin Cardiol 2003; 8(4): 164-72.
[47]
Uluata S, McClements DJ, Decker EA. Physical stability, autoxidation, and photosensitized oxidation of omega-3 oils in nanoemulsions prepared with natural and synthetic surfactants. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63(42): 9333-40.
[48]
Kay DG, Maclellan A. Composition and method for improving cognitive function and brain bioavailability of ginseng and ginsenosides and treating neurodegenerative disease and neurological disorders. WO2018148821A1 (2018).
[49]
Serini S, Cassano R, Corsetto PA, Rizzo AM, Calviello G, Trombino S. Omega-3 PUFA loaded in resveratrol-based solid lipid nanoparticles: Physicochemical properties and antineoplastic activities in human colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19(2)E586
[50]
Singh J, Ancheria RK, Khinchi MP, Nama N, Singh SP. A review on food supplement: Nutraceuticals. Asian J Pharm Res Dev 2017; 5(3): 1-7.
[51]
Kerry RG, Patra JK, Gouda S, Park Y, Shin H, Das G. Benefaction of probiotics for human health: A review. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26(3): 927-39.
[52]
Valdes AM, Walter J, Segal E, Spector TD. Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health. BMJ 2018; 361: k2179.
[53]
Mohajeri MH, Brummer RM, Rastall RA, et al. The role of the microbiome for human health: From basic science to clinical applications. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57(1): 1-14.
[54]
Thilakarathna WW, Langille MG, Rupasinghe HV. Polyphenol-based prebiotics and synbiotics: Potential for cancer chemoprevention. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018; 20: 51-7.
[55]
Damaskos D, Kolios G. Probiotics and prebiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: Microflora ‘on the scope’. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 65(4): 453-67.
[56]
Asakura H, Suzuki K, Honma T. Recent advances in basic and clinical aspects of inflammatory bowel disease: Which steps in the mucosal inflammation should we block for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease? World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13(15): 2145-9.
[57]
Kanamori Y, Hashizume K, Sugiyama M, Morotomi M, Yuki N. Combination therapy with Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus casei, and galactooligosaccharides dramatically improved the intestinal function in a girl with short bowel syndrome: A novel synbiotics therapy for intestinal failure. Dig Dis Sci 2001; 46(9): 2010-6.
[58]
Takabayashi T, Imoto Y, Sakashita M, et al. Effects of nattokinase, profibrinolytic enzyme, on the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp. J Allergy Clin Immun 2018; 141(2): AB165.
[59]
Aronson JK. Defining ‘nutraceuticals’: Neither nutritious nor pharmaceutical. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83(1): 8-19.
[60]
Mejia LA. Fortification of foods: Historical development and current practices. Food Nutr Bull 1994; 15(4): 1-4.
[61]
Dasgupta PK, Liu Y, Dyke JV. Iodine nutrition: Iodine content of iodized salt in the United States. Env Sci Tech 2008; 42(4): 1315-23.
[62]
Datta M, Vitolins MZ. Food fortification and supplement use: Are there health implications? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56(13): 2149-59.
[63]
Allen LH, De Benoist B, Dary O, Hurrell R. World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients 2006.
[64]
Duthie SJ. Folic acid deficiency and cancer: Mechanisms of DNA instability. Br Med Bull 1999; 55(3): 578-92.
[65]
De Wals P, Tairou F, Van Allen MI, et al. Reduction in neural-tube defects after folic acid fortification in Canada. New Engl J Med 2007; 357(2): 135-42.
[66]
Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Folic acid supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defects: US preventive services task force recommendation statement. JAMA 2017; 317(2): 183-9.
[67]
Yang J, Guo J, Yuan J. In vitro antioxidant properties of rutin. LWT - Food. Sci Tech 2008; 41(6): 1060-6.
[68]
Babazadeh A, Ghanbarzadeh B, Hamishehkar H. Novel nanostructured lipid carriers as a promising food grade delivery system for rutin. J Funct Foods 2016; 26: 167-75.
[69]
Hasanvand E, Fathi M, Bassiri A, Javanmard M, Abbaszadeh R. Novel starch based nanocarrier for vitamin D fortification of milk: Production and characterization. Food Bioprod Proc 2015; 96: 264-77.
[70]
Nair R, Maseeh A, Vitamin D. The “sunshine” vitamin. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2012; 3(2): 118-26.
[71]
Livney YD. Beta-lactoglobulin-polysaccharide nanoparticles for hydrophobic bioactive compounds. US8791064B2 (2014).
[72]
Danino D, Livney YD, Ramon O, Portnoy I, Cogan U. Betacasein assemblies for enrichment of food and beverages and methods of preparation thereof. US8865222B2 (2014).
[73]
Cashman KD, Dowling KG, Skrabakova Z, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in Europe: Pandemic? Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103(4): 1033-44.
[74]
Holick MF, Chen TC. Vitamin D deficiency: A worldwide problem with health consequences. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87(4): 1080S-6S.
[75]
Cashman KD, Vitamin D. Dietary requirements and food fortification as a means of helping achieve adequate vitamin D status. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148: 19-26.
[76]
Tangpricha V, Koutkia P, Rieke SM, Chen TC, Perez AA, Holick MF. Fortification of orange juice with vitamin D: A novel approach for enhancing vitamin D nutritional health. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77(6): 1478-83.
[77]
Warensjo E, Byberg L, Melhus H, et al. Dietary calcium intake and risk of fracture and osteoporosis: Prospective longitudinal cohort study. BMJ 2011; 342: d1473.
[78]
Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Ma J, Gann PH, Gaziano JM, Giovannucci EL. Dairy products, calcium, and prostate cancer risk in the physicians’ health study. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74(4): 549-54.
[79]
Bolland MJ, Grey A, Avenell A, Gamble GD, Reid IR. Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: Reanalysis of the Women’s Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis. BMJ 2011; 342: d2040.
[80]
Bawa AS, Anilakumar KR. Genetically modified foods: Safety, risks and public concerns- A review. J Food Sci Tech 2013; 50(6): 1035-46.
[81]
Orcajo J, Martinez de Marañon I, Lavilla M. Cow’s milk allergen β-lactoglobulin immunoreactivity affected by pulsed light treatment. Clin Transl Allergy 2015; 5(Suppl. 3): 50.
[82]
Brophy B, Smolenski G, Wheeler T, Wells D. L’Huillier Pl, Laible G. Cloned transgenic cattle produce milk with higher levels of β-casein and κ-casein. Nat Biotechnol 2003; 21: 157.
[83]
Zaki NM. Progress and problems in nutraceuticals delivery. J Bioeq Bioavail 2014; 6(3): 75.
[84]
Rakotoarisoa M, Angelova A. Amphiphilic nanocarrier systems for curcumin delivery in neurodegenerative disorders. Medicines (Basel) 2018; 5(4)E126
[85]
Hong Z, Xu Y, Yin JF, Jin J, Jiang Y, Du Q. Improving the effectiveness of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against rabbit atherosclerosis by EGCG-loaded nanoparticles prepared from chitosan and polyaspartic acid. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62(52): 12603-9.
[86]
Tiwari G, Tiwari R, Sriwastawa B, et al. Drug delivery systems: An updated review. Int J Pharm Invest 2012; 2(1): 2.
[87]
Rawat MK, Jain A, Singh S. Studies on binary lipid matrix based solid lipid nanoparticles of repaglinide: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100(6): 2366-78.
[88]
Neves AR, Martins S, Segundo MA, Reis S. Nanoscale delivery of resveratrol towards enhancement of supplements and nutraceuticals. Nutrients 2016; 8(3): 131.
[89]
Davidov-Pardo G, Joye IJ, Espinal-Ruiz M, McClements DJ. Effect of maillard conjugates on the physical stability of zein nanoparticles prepared by liquid antisolvent coprecipitation. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63(38): 8510-8.
[90]
Davidov-Pardo G, Perez-Ciordia S, Marin-Arroyo MR, McClements DJ. Improving resveratrol bioaccessibility using biopolymer nanoparticles and complexes: Impact of protein-carbohydrate maillard conjugation. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63(15): 3915-23.
[91]
Yi J, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Gao L. Fabrication of resveratrol-loaded whey protein-dextran colloidal complex for the stabilization and delivery of beta-carotene emulsions. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66(36): 9481-9.
[92]
Facchi SP, Scariot DB, Bueno PVA, et al. Preparation and cytotoxicity of N-modified chitosan nanoparticles applied in curcumin delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 87: 237-45.
[93]
Shin GH, Li J, Cho JH, Kim JT, Park HJ. Enhancement of curcumin solubility by phase change from crystalline to amorphous in Cur-TPGS nanosuspension. J Food Sci 2016; 81(2): N494-501.
[94]
Semyonov D, Ramon O, Shoham Y, Shimoni E. Enzymatically synthesized dextran nanoparticles and their use as carriers for nutraceuticals. Food Funct 2014; 5(10): 2463-74.
[95]
Chen J, Zheng J, McClements DJ, Xiao H. Tangeretin-loaded protein nanoparticles fabricated from zein/beta-lactoglobulin: Preparation, characterization, and functional performance. Food Chem 2014; 158: 466-72.
[96]
Huang J, Wang Q, Li T, Xia N, Xia Q. Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) as a strategy for encapsulation of quercetin and linseed oil: Preparation and in vitro characterization studies. J Food Eng 2017; 215: 1-12.
[97]
Patel AR, Heussen PCM, Hazekamp J, Drost E, Velikov KP. Quercetin loaded biopolymeric colloidal particles prepared by simultaneous precipitation of quercetin with hydrophobic protein in aqueous medium. Food Chem 2012; 133(2): 423-9.
[98]
Mendes JF, Martins HHA, Otoni CG, et al. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Eugenia brejoensis essential oil nanoemulsions against Pseudomonas fluorescens. LWT 2018; 93: 659-64.
[99]
Koushesh MS, Amini R. Nano-ZnO/carboxymethyl cellulose-based active coating impact on ready-to-use pomegranate during cold storage. Food Chem 2017; 232: 721-6.
[100]
Zhou Y, Zhang T, Wang X, et al. Curcumin modulates macrophage polarization through the inhibition of the Toll-like receptor 4 expression and its signaling pathways. Cell Phys Biochem 2015; 36(2): 631-41.
[101]
Sou K, Inenaga S, Takeoka S, Tsuchida E. Loading of curcumin in macrophages using lipid based nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2008; 352(1-2): 287-93.
[102]
Sun C, Xu C, Mao L, Wang D, Yang J, Gao Y. Preparation, characterization and stability of curcumin-loaded zein-shellac composite colloidal particles. Food Chem 2017; 228: 656-67.
[103]
Hu Q, Bae M, Fleming E, Lee J, Luo Y. Biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles with exceptional gastrointestinal stability as oral delivery vehicles for lipophilic bioactives. Food Hydrocoll 2018; 89: 386-95.
[104]
Xie H, Xiang C, Li Y, et al. Fabrication of ovalbumin/κ-carrageenan complex nanoparticles as a novel carrier for curcumin delivery. Food Hydrocoll 2019; 89: 111-21.
[105]
Souto EB, Müller RH, Gohla S. A novel approach based on lipid nanoparticles (SLN®) for topical delivery of α-lipoic acid. J Microencaps 2005; 22(6): 581-92.
[106]
Sun M, Nie S, Pan X, Zhang R, Fan Z, Wang S. Quercetin-nanostructured lipid carriers: Characteristics and anti-breast cancer activities in vitro. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 113: 15-24.
[107]
Sun C, Dai L, Gao Y. Binary complex based on zein and propylene glycol alginate for delivery of quercetagetin. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17(12): 3973-85.
[108]
Hu B, Ting Y, Yang X, Tang W, Zeng X, Huang Q. Nanochemoprevention by encapsulation of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate with bioactive peptides/chitosan nanoparticles for enhancement of its bioavailability. Chem Commun 2012; 48(18): 2421-3.
[109]
Hu B, Ting Y, Zeng X, Huang Q. Bioactive peptides/chitosan nanoparticles enhance cellular antioxidant activity of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61(4): 875-81.
[110]
Hu B, Ma F, Yang Y, et al. Antioxidant nanocomplexes for delivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64(17): 3422-9.
[111]
Donsì F, Voudouris P, Veen SJ, Velikov KP. Zein-based colloidal particles for encapsulation and delivery of epigallocatechin gallate. Food Hydrocoll 2017; 63: 508-17.
[112]
Rocha S, Generalov R, Pereira Mdo C, Peres I, Juzenas P, Coelho MA. Epigallocatechin gallate-loaded polysaccharide nanoparticles for prostate cancer chemoprevention. Nanomedicine 2011; 6(1): 79-87.
[113]
de Pace RC, Liu X, Sun M, et al. Anticancer activities of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate encapsulated nanoliposomes in MCF7 breast cancer cells. J Liposome Res 2013; 23(3): 187-96.
[114]
Siddiqui IA, Adhami VM, Ahmad N, Mukhtar H. Nanochemoprevention: Sustained release of bioactive food components for cancer prevention. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62(7): 883-90.
[115]
Sabouri S, Geng J, Corredig M. Tea polyphenols association to caseinate-stabilized oil–water interfaces. Food Hydrocoll 2015; 51: 95-100.
[116]
Siddiqui IA, Bharali DJ, Nihal M, et al. Excellent anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles on human melanoma cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Nanomedicine 2014; 10(8): 1619-26.
[117]
Yi J, Lam TI, Yokoyama W, Cheng LW, Zhong F. Beta-carotene encapsulated in food protein nanoparticles reduces peroxyl radical oxidation in Caco-2 cells. Food Hydrocoll 2015; 43: 31-40.
[118]
Yi J, Fan Y, Yokoyama W, Zhang Y, Zhao L. Thermal degradation and Iisomerization of beta-carotene in oil-in-water nanoemulsions supplemented with natural antioxidants. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64(9): 1970-6.
[119]
Luo X, Zhou Y, Bai L, Liu F, Deng Y, McClements DJ. Fabrication of beta-carotene nanoemulsion-based delivery systems using dual-channel microfluidization: Physical and chemical stability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 490: 328-35.
[120]
Guan Y, Wu J, Zhong Q. Eugenol improves physical and chemical stabilities of nanoemulsions loaded with beta-carotene. Food Chem 2016; 194: 787-96.
[121]
Tan S, Ebrahimi A, Langrish T. Controlled release of caffeine from tablets of spray-dried casein gels. Food Hydrocoll 2019; 88: 13-20.
[122]
Tavares L, Noreña CPZ. Encapsulation of garlic extract using complex coacervation with whey protein isolate and chitosan as wall materials followed by spray drying. Food Hydrocoll 2019; 89: 360-9.
[123]
Xie M, Hu B, Wang Y, Zeng X. Grafting of gallic acid onto chitosan enhances antioxidant activities and alters rheological properties of the copolymer. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62(37): 9128-36.
[124]
Wang X, Yong H, Gao L, Li L, Jin M, Liu J. Preparation and characterization of antioxidant and pH-sensitive films based on chitosan and black soybean seed coat extract. Food Hydrocoll 2019; 89: 56-66.
[125]
Niu Y, Xia Q, Gu M, Yu L. Interpenetrating network gels composed of gelatin and soluble dietary fibers from tomato peels. Food Hydrocoll 2019; 89: 95-9.
[126]
Liu J, Meng CG, Yan YH, Shan YN, Kan J, Jin CH. Protocatechuic acid grafted onto chitosan: Characterization and antioxidant activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89: 518-26.
[127]
Liu J, Lu JF, Kan J, Tang YQ, Jin CH. Preparation, characterization and antioxidant activity of phenolic acids grafted carboxymethyl chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62: 85-93.
[128]
Wu C, Wang L, Fang Z, Hu Y, et al. The effect of the molecular architecture on the antioxidant properties of chitosan gallate. Mar Drugs 2016; 14(5)E95
[129]
Sarkar A, Ademuyiwa V, Stubley S, Esa NH, Goycoolea FM, Qin X, et al. Pickering emulsions co-stabilized by composite protein/ polysaccharide particle-particle interfaces: Impact on in vitro gastric stability. Food Hydrocoll 2018; 84: 282-91.
[130]
Heber G, Stamford N. Composition and method for dermal regeneration. EP2229175A4 (2015).
[131]
Bazo MA, Catalán IE, Rasilla CGDL, et al. Microparticles for the encapsulation of probiotics, preparation and uses thereof. EP2868206A2 (2015).
[132]
Zaworotko M, Clarke H, Kapildev A, Kavuru P, Shytle RD, Pujari T. Nutraceutical co-crystal compositions. US20100204204A1 (2010).
[133]
Kyu YB, Vijayakumar A, Won JK, Won CJ. Composition comprising curcumin-captured ginsenoside and phospholipid-based lipid nanoparticle as effective ingredient for preventing or treating helicobacter pylori infection. KR20180085947A (2018).
[134]
Missbichler A. Crystallized xylose isomerase in prevention of the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. US20170056485A1 (2017).
[135]
Nascimento TGD, Lima MCD, Almeida CPD, et al. Red propolis caseinates, process for producing red propolis caseinates, composition, use of the red propolis caseinates and use of the composition. WO2018126304A1 (2018).
[136]
Krueger T, Whitlock DR. Ammonia oxidizing microorganisms for use and delivery to the intranasal system (2018).
[137]
Pérez PJA. Bioproduct based on selenium nanoparticles in a honey matrix for the treatment of complex injuries and dermatological infections. WO2018176168A1 (2018).
[138]
Wei W. Diabetes preventing and treating nutritional formula nanoparticles and preparing and processing method thereof. CN106174011A (2016).
[139]
Westphal C, Wessel T. Methods and compositions for the treatment of disease. WO2018129315A1 (2018).
[140]
Madhavamenon KI, Maliakel BP, Ittiyavirah SP, Ramalingham K. Novel composition of nigella sativaseeds to treat anxiety stress and sleep disorders with significant memory enhancement properties and a process for producing the same. US20180125914A1 (2018).
[141]
Cirillo M, Galgani A, Del GDRF, et al. Nutraceutical plant derived microrna elements for treatment of cancer. EP3216869A1 (2017).
[142]
Gao S. Compositions containing enriched natural crocin and/or crocetin, and their therapeutic or nutraceutical uses. US20140141082A1 (2015).
[143]
Wang T. Therapeutical methods, formulations and nutraceutical formulations. US20180071269A1 (2018).
[144]
Richard DA. Apparatus and method for preparing cosmeceutical ingredients containing epi-dermal delivery mechanisms. US20170181937A1 (2017).
[145]
Mahe Y, Bru C, Graffin M. Combination of active agents for treating skin aging. WO2014191056A1 (2014).
[146]
González RD, Astals AS, Courtois A, Thollas B. Exopolysaccharide for the treatment and/or care of the skin, mucous membranes and/or nails. WO2012072245A2 (2016).
[147]
Tasneem B. Compositions and methods for treating skin conditions. US5047249A (2014).
[148]
Orío OL, Rodríguez DFF, Valadés MA. Compositions for the prevention and/or treatment of alcohol use disorders. WO2017178682A1 (2017).
[149]
Underwood RL. Compositions comprising nanoparticles derived from whole fruit. WO2018048489A1 (2018).
[150]
Salman HHA, Azcárate IG, Catalán IE. Nanoparticles comprising a vegetable hydrophobic protein and a water miscible nonvolatile organic solvent and uses thereof. WO2013120856A1 (2013).
[151]
Kariman A. Compound and method for reducing appetite, fatigue and pain. US20180169172A1 2018.
[152]
Joshi S, Guha A, Jain V, Asgarzadeh F, Patel MM. Pharmaceutical or nutraceutical composition with resistance against the influence of ethanol. US20180140556A1 2017.
[153]
Zecchino J, Zecchino A. Anti-aging formulation with stabilized Epigallo Catechin Gallate (ECGC). US9901533B2 2018.
[154]
Herrero MP, Shafer WE. Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compositions of abscisic acid. US8536224B2 2013.
[155]
Geron M, De Chadarevian S. Nutraceutical chocolate or compound chocolate product. WO2011107259A1 2013.
[156]
Kaufman RC. Nanoparticle compositions and methods as carriers of nutraceutical factors across cell membranes and biological barriers. US20160263047 A1 2018.
[157]
Huang-Ge Z. Compositions and methods for treatment of intestinal inflammation and colon cancer. WO2018098247A1 2018.
[158]
Gamay A. Neurotransmitter and brain modulating oral delivery system for enhancement of cognitive functions and energy. US20180236016A1 2018.
[159]
Tummala H, Kesharwani S. Site specific curcumin-polymer molecular complexes and methods of treating colon diseases and inflammation. US20180064821A1 2018.
[160]
Vinaykumar T. Modified resveratrol composition and use thereof. WO2018042324A1 2018.
[161]
Wei H, Chenghui Z, Qinyu L. Green alga poly-saccharification nano-selenium and preparation method and application thereof. CN106539092A 2017.
[162]
Bolisetty S, Zimmermann M, Shen Y, Mezzenga R. Composite materials comprising amyloid fibrils and nanoparticulate nutritional minerals. WO2018166947A1 2018.
[163]
De La Vega HA. Combination of bioenergy and nutra-epigenetic metabolic regulators, nutraceutical compounds in conventional and nanotechnology-based combinations, for reversing and preventing cellular senescence accelerated by chronic damage caused by diabetes and other complex chronic degenerative diseases. WO2017213486A2 2017.
[164]
Huang-Ge Z. Compositions and methods for treatment of alcohol induced liver injury. US20180140654A1 2018.
[165]
Reyes M. Use of ellagic acid dihydrate in food products and nutraceuticals. US20170367390A1 2017.
[166]
Minatelli JA, Hill WS, Moerck RE. Composition and method to alleviate joint pain using low molecular weight hyaluronic acid and joint care components, including type II collagen. US9675635B2 2017.
[167]
Jeevanandam J, Barhoum A, Chan YS, Dufresne A, Danquah MK. Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: History, sources, toxicity and regulations. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2018; 9: 1050-74.
[168]
Hadian Z. A Review of nanoliposomal delivery system for stabilization of bioactive omega-3 fatty acids. Elect Physician 2016; 8(1): 1776-85.
[169]
Guterres SS, Alves MP, Pohlmann AR. Polymeric nanoparticles, nanospheres and nanocapsules, for cutaneous applications. Drug Target Insights 2007; 2: 147-57.
[170]
Zahmakıran M, Özkar S. Metal nanoparticles in liquid phase catalysis: From recent advances to future goals. Nanoscale 2011; 3(9): 3462-81.
[171]
Bouwmeester H, Dekkers S, Noordam MY, et al. Review of health safety aspects of nanotechnologies in food production. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 53(1): 52-62.
[172]
Otunola GA, Afolayan AJ, Ajayi EO, Odeyemi SW. Characterization, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extracts of Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale, and Capsicum frutescens. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13(Suppl. 2): S201.
[173]
Hanemann T, Szabó DV. Polymer-nanoparticle composites: From synthesis to modern applications. Materials 2010; 3(6): 3468-517.
[174]
Vollath D, Szabó DV. Coated nanoparticles: A new way to mproved nanocomposites. J Nanoparticle Res 1999; 1(2): 235-42.
[175]
Nie Z, Petukhova A, Kumacheva E. Properties and emerging applications of self-assembled structures made from inorganic nanoparticles. Nat Nanotechnol 2010; 5(1): 15.
[176]
Wang X, Pan D, Yang M. 89Zr labelled self-assembled nanoparticles for PET imaging. J Nucl Med 2018; 59(supplement. 1): 1076-6.
[177]
Zhu YJ, Chen F. pH-responsive drug-delivery systems. Chem Asian J 2015; 10(2): 284-305.
[178]
Elzoghby AO, El-Fotoh WS, Elgindy NA. Casein-based formulations as promising controlled release drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2011; 153(3): 206-16.
[179]
Cappelletti S, Piacentino D, Sani G, Aromatario M. Caffeine: Cognitive and physical performance enhancer or psychoactive drug? Curr Neuropharma 2015; 13(1): 71-88.
[180]
Ahmed EM. Hydrogel: Preparation, characterization, and applications: A review. J Adv Res 2015; 6(2): 105-21.
[181]
McClements DJ. Recent progress in hydrogel delivery systems for improving nutraceutical bioavailability. Food Hydrocoll 2017; 68: 238-45.
[182]
Naseri N, Valizadeh H, Zakeri-Milani P. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: Structure, preparation and application. Adv Pharm Bull 2015; 5(3): 305-13.
[183]
Bozzuto G, Molinari A. Liposomes as nanomedical devices. Int J Nanomed 2015; 10: 975-99.
[184]
Nam JH, Kim S, Seong H. Investigation on physicochemical characteristics of a nanoliposome-based system for dual drug delivery. Nanoscale Res Lett 2018; 13(1): 101.
[185]
Uner M, Wissing SA, Yener G, Muller RH. Influence of surfactants on the physical stability of solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulations. Pharmazie 2004; 59(4): 331-2.
[186]
Ghasemiyeh P, Mohammadi-Samani S. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers as novel drug delivery systems: Applications, advantages and disadvantages. Res Pharm Sci 2018; 13(4): 288-303.
[187]
Mukherjee S, Ray S, Thakur RS. Solid lipid nanoparticles: A modern formulation approach in drug delivery system. Indian J Pharm Sci 2009; 71(4): 349-58.
[188]
Pavan AR, Silva GD, Jornada DH, et al. Unraveling the anticancer effect of curcumin and resveratrol. Nutrients 2016; 8(11): 628.
[189]
Balata GF, Essa EA, Shamardl HA, Zaidan SH, Abourehab MA. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems as a tool to improve solubility and bioavailability of resveratrol. Drug Design Dev Ther 2016; 10: 117-28.
[190]
Granja A, Frias I, Neves AR, Pinheiro M, Reis S. Therapeutic potential of epigallocatechin gallate nanodelivery systems. BioMed Res Int 2017; 20175813793
[191]
Aboofazeli R. Nanometric-scaled emulsions (nanoemulsions). Iran J Pharm Res 2010; 9(4): 325-6.
[192]
Jaiswal M, Dudhe R, Sharma PK. Nanoemulsion: An advanced mode of drug delivery system. 3 Biotech 2015; 5(2): 123-7.
[193]
Sharma N, Mishra S, Sharma S, Deshpande RD, Sharma RK. Preparation and optimization of nanoemulsions for targeting drug delivery. Int J Drug Dev Res 2013; 5(4): 37-48.
[194]
Bowen KJ, Harris WS, Kris-Etherton PM. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: Are there benefits? Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 2016; 18(11): 69.
[195]
Madaan K, Kumar S, Poonia N, Lather V, Pandita D. Dendrimers in drug delivery and targeting: Drug-dendrimer interactions and toxicity issues. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2014; 6(3): 139-50.
[196]
Svenson S, Tomalia DA. Dendrimers in biomedical applications-reflections on the field. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64: 102-15.
[197]
Duncan R, Izzo L. Dendrimer biocompatibility and toxicity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2005; 57(15): 2215-37.
[198]
Barrett T, Ravizzini G, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Dendrimers in medical nanotechnology. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 2009; 28(1): 12-22.
[199]
Palmerston ML, Pan J, Torchilin VP. Dendrimers as nanocarriers for nucleic acid and drug delivery in cancer therapy. Molecules 2017; 22(9): 1401.
[200]
Nitta SK, Numata K. Biopolymer-based nanoparticles for drug/gene delivery and tissue engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14(1): 1629-54.
[201]
Joye IJ, McClements DJ. Biopolymer-based nanoparticles and microparticles: Fabrication, characterization, and application. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 19(5): 417-27.
[202]
DeFrates K, Markiewicz T, Gallo P, et al. Protein polymer-based nanoparticles: Fabrication and medical applications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19(6)E1717
[203]
Jakobek L. Interactions of polyphenols with carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Food Chem 2015; 175: 556-67.
[204]
Oliver CM, Melton LD, Stanley RA. Creating proteins with novel functionality via the Maillard reaction: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2006; 46(4): 337-50.
[205]
Azeredo HMC, Waldron KW. Crosslinking in polysaccharide and protein films and coatings for food contact- A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016; 52: 109-22.
[206]
Reddy N, Reddy R, Jiang Q. Crosslinking biopolymers for biomedical applications. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33(6): 362-9.
[207]
Shahbuddin M, Bullock AJ, MacNeil S, Rimmer S. Glucomannan-poly (N-vinyl pyrrolidinone) bicomponent hydrogels for wound healing. J Mat Chem B 2014; 2(6): 727-38.
[208]
Patel VR, Agrawal YK. Nanosuspension: An approach to enhance solubility of drugs. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2011; 2(2): 81-7.
[209]
Rabinow BE. Nanosuspensions in drug delivery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2004; 3(9): 785-96.
[210]
Wang Y, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Wang Q, Zhang D. Stability of nanosuspensions in drug delivery. J Control Release 2013; 172(3): 1126-41.
[211]
Rempp PF, Lutz PJ. 12 - Synthesis of graft copolymers. In: Allen G., Bevington J.C., editors. Comprehensive Polymer Science and Supplements. Amsterdam: Pergamon; p. 403-421, 1989.
[212]
Pillay V, Seedat A, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Kumar P, Ndesendo VMK. A review of polymeric refabrication techniques to modify polymer properties for biomedical and drug delivery applications. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013; 14(2): 692-711.
[213]
Badhani B, Sharma N, Kakkar R. Gallic acid: A versatile antioxidant with promising therapeutic and industrial applications. RSC Adv 2015; 5(35): 27540-57.
[214]
Gil F, Hernández AF, Martín-Domingo MC. Toxic contamination of nutraceuticals and food ingredients. In: Gupta R.C., editor. Nutraceuticals: Academic Press; p. 825-837, 2016.
[215]
Yu J, Zhou Z, Tay-Sontheimer J, Levy RH, Ragueneau-Majlessi I. Intestinal drug interactions mediated by oatps: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical findings. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106(9): 2312-25.
[216]
Diamond BJ, Bailey MR. Ginkgo biloba: Indications, mechanisms and safety. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2013; 36(1): 73-83.
[217]
Rider CV, Nyska A, Cora MC, et al. Toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of Ginkgo biloba extract in rat and mouse: Liver, thyroid, and nose are targets. Toxicol Pathol 2014; 42(5): 830-43.
[218]
Shimizu M, Shirakami Y, Sakai H, et al. Chemopreventive potential of green tea catechins in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16(3): 6124-39.
[219]
Gupta RC, Srivastava A, Lall R. Toxicity potential of nutraceuticals. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1800: 367-94.
[220]
Kwak Y, Choi H, Roh J. The effects of caffeine on the long bones and testes in immature and young adult rats. Toxicol Res 2017; 33(2): 157-64.
[221]
Yu IS, Lee JS, Kim SD, et al. Monitoring heavy metals, residual agricultural chemicals and sulfites in traditional herbal decoctions. BMC Comp Altern Med 2017; 17(1): 154.
[222]
Albert H, Klier B, Knodler M, Steinhoff B. Findings on the heavy metal content in herbal drugs and essential oils: An update. Pharmeur Bio Sci Notes 2018; 2018: 62-111.
[223]
Yang X, Li W, Sun Y, et al. Comparative study of hepatotoxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids retrorsine and monocrotaline. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30(2): 532-9.
[224]
Zhu L, Xue J, Xia Q, Fu PP, Lin G. The long persistence of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-derived DNA adducts in vivo: Kinetic study following single and multiple exposures in male ICR mice. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91(2): 949-65.
[225]
Mulder PPJ, Lopez P, Castellari M, et al. Occurrence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in animal- and plant-derived food: Results of a survey across Europe. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35(1): 118-33.
[226]
Gupta RC, Srivastava A, Lall R. Ochratoxins and citrinin. In: Gupta R.C., editor. Veterinary Toxicology p. 1019-1027, 2018
[227]
Levy I, Attias S, Ben-Arye E, Goldstein L, Schiff E. Adverse events associated with interactions with dietary and herbal supplements among inpatients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83(4): 836-45.
[228]
Mouly S, Lloret-Linares C, Sellier PO, Sene D, Bergmann JF. Is the clinical relevance of drug-food and drug-herb interactions limited to grapefruit juice and Saint-John’s Wort? Pharmacol Res 2017; 118: 82-92.
[229]
McDonnell AM, Dang CH. Basic review of the cytochrome p450 system. J Adv Pract Oncol 2013; 4(4): 263-8.
[230]
Manikandan P, Nagini S. Cytochrome P450 structure, function and clinical significance: A review. Curr Drug Targets 2018; 19(1): 38-54.
[231]
Li Y, Revalde J, Paxton JW. The effects of dietary and herbal phytochemicals on drug transporters. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 116: 45-62.
[232]
Kovacsics D, Patik I, Ozvegy-Laczka C. The role of organic anion transporting polypeptides in drug absorption, distribution, excretion and drug-drug interactions. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13(4): 409-24.
[233]
Iijima R, Watanabe T, Ishiuchi K, Matsumoto T, Watanabe J, Makino T. Interactions between crude drug extracts used in Japanese traditional Kampo medicines and organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2B1. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 214: 153-9.
[234]
Roth M, Obaidat A, Hagenbuch B. OATPs, OATs and OCTs: The organic anion and cation transporters of the SLCO and SLC22A gene superfamilies. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165(5): 1260-87.
[235]
Jain A, Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Ramalingam C. Nanomaterials in food and agriculture: An overview on their safety concerns and regulatory issues. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 58(2): 297-317.
[236]
Higashisaka K, Nagano K, Yoshioka Y, Tsutsumi Y. Nano-safety research: Examining the associations among the biological effects of nanoparticles and their physicochemical properties and kinetics. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40(3): 243-8.
[237]
Zhang H, Jiang X, Cao G, et al. Effects of noble metal nanoparticles on the hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of dietary antioxidants. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev 2018; 36(2): 84-97.
[238]
Zanella M, Ciappellano SG, Venturini M, Tedesco E, Manodori L. FB. Nutraceuticals and nanotechnology. Diet Ing Supp 2015; 26(4): 26-31.
[239]
Hjorth R, van Hove L, Wickson F. What can nanosafety learn from drug development? The feasibility of “safety by design”. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11(3): 305-12.
[240]
BCC research. Nutraceuticals: Global markets (2017). Dublin, Ireland; 2017. Report No.: FOD013F.
[241]
Fleisher LA, Roizen MF, Roizen JD. Essence of anesthesia practice. Fourth Edition ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.: Elsevier and Saunders; p. 530-531, 2018.
[242]
Ray A, Joshi J, Gulati K. Regulatory aspects of nutraceuticals: An Indian perspective. In: Gupta R.C., editor. Nutraceuticals: Academic Press; p. 941-946, 2016.
[243]
Curry K, Schaffer SD, Yoon SJ. Laws and guidelines governing the use of herbal supplements. Nurse Pract 2016; 41(12): 39-43.
[244]
Dey P, Jain N, Nagaich U. Nutraceuticals: An overview of regulations. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2018; 9(3): 5762-6.
[245]
Stohs SJ, Preuss HG. What health care professionals should know about the regulation and safety of dietary supplements. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 36(4): 306-9.
[246]
Jain PN, Rathod MH, Jain VC, Vijayendraswamy SM. Current regulatory requirements for registration of nutraceuticals in India and USA. Int J Drug Reg Aff 2018; 6(2): 22-9.
[247]
Shirwaikar A, Parmar V, Khan S. The changing face of nutraceuticals-An overview. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2011; 2(7): 925-32.
[248]
Bragazzi NL, Martini M, Saporita TC, et al. Nutraceutical and functional food regulations in the European Union. In: Debasis Bagchi S.N., editor. Developing New Functional Food and Nutraceutical Products: Academic Press; p. 309-322, 2017
[249]
Tee ES, Tamin S, Ilyas R, Ramos A, Tan WL, Lai DK, et al. Current status of nutrition labelling and claims in the South-East Asian region: Are we in harmony? Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002; 11(2): S80-6.
[250]
Yang Y. Scientific substantiation of functional food health claims in China. J Nutr 2008; 138(6): 1199S-205S.
[251]
Hasler CM. Regulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals: A global perspective. 200.John Wiley & Sons 2005; p.

© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy