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Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1389-2010
ISSN (Online): 1873-4316

Perspective

Opioid Substitution Therapy: Achieving Harm Reduction While Searching for a Prophylactic Solution

Author(s): Kenneth Blum* and David Baron

Volume 20, Issue 3, 2019

Page: [180 - 182] Pages: 3

DOI: 10.2174/138920102003190422150527

[1]
Collins, F.S.; Koroshetz, W.J.; Volkow, N.D. Helping to end addiction over the long-term: The research plan for the NIH HEAL initiative. JAMA, 2018, 320(2), 129-130.
[2]
Krebs, E.E.; Gravely, A.; Nugent, S.; Jensen, A.C.; DeRonne, B.; Goldsmith, E.S.; Kroenke, K.; Bair, M.J.; Noorbaloochi, S. Effect of opioid vs. nonopioid medications on pain-related function in patients with chronic back pain or hip or knee osteoarthritis pain: The SPACE randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2018, 319(9), 872-882.
[3]
Blum, K.; Oscar-Berman, M.; Jacobs, W.; McLaughlin, T.; Gold, M.S. Buprenorphine response as a function of neurogenetic polymorphic antecedents: Can dopamine genes affect clinical outcomes in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)? J. Addict. Res. Ther., 2014, 5, 1000185.
[4]
Hill, E.; Han, D.; Dumouchel, P.; Dehak, N.; Quatieri, T.; Moehs, C.; Oscar-Berman, M.; Giordano, J.; Simpatico, T.; Barh, D.; Blum, K. Long term Suboxone® emotional reactivity as measured by automatic detection in speech. PLoS One, 2013, 8(7), e69043.
[5]
Blum, K.; Modestino, E.J.; Badgaiyan, R.D.; Baron, D.; Thanos, P.K.; Elman, I.; Siwicki, D.; Febo, M.; Gold, M.S. analysis of evidence for the combination of pro-dopamine regulator (KB220PAM) and naltrexone to prevent opioid use disorder relapse. EC Psychol. Psychiatr, 2018, 8, 564-579.
[6]
Blum, K.; Thanos, P.K.; Badgaiyan, R.D.; Febo, M.; Oscar-Berman, M.; Fratantonio, J.; Demotrovics, Z.; Gold, M.S. Neurogenetics and gene therapy for reward deficiency syndrome: Are we going to the Promised Land? Expert Opin. Biol. Ther., 2015, 15(7), 973-985.
[7]
Raleigh, M.D.; Peterson, S.J.; Laudenbach, M.; Baruffaldi, F.; Carroll, F.I.; Comer, S.D.; Navarro, H.A.; Langston, T.L.; Runyon, S.P.; Winston, S.; Pravetoni, M.; Pentel, P.R. Safety and efficacy of an oxycodone vaccine: Addressing some of the unique considerations posed by opioid abuse. PLoS One, 2017, 12(12), e0184876.
[8]
Febo, M.; Blum, K.; Badgaiyan, R.D.; Baron, D.; Thanos, P.K.; Colon-Perez, L.M.; Demortrovics, Z.; Gold, M.S. Dopamine homeostasis: Brain functional connectivity in reward deficiency syndrome. Front. Biosci, (Landmark Ed). 2017, 22, 669-691.
[9]
Allouche, S.; Le Marec, T.; Coquerel, A.; Noble, F.; Marie, N. Striatal dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are differentially regulated following buprenorphine or methadone treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 2015, 232(9), 1527-1533.
[10]
Ribeiro, E.A.; Scarpa, J.R.; Garamszegi, S.P.; Kasarskis, A.; Mash, D.C.; Nestler, E.J. Gene network dysregulation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex neurons of humans with cocaine use disorder. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7(1), 5412.
[11]
Sullivan, D.; Pinsonneault, J.K.; Papp, A.C.; Zhu, H.; Lemeshow, S.; Mash, D.C.; Sadee, W. Dopamine transporter DAT and receptor DRD2 variants affect risk of lethal cocaine abuse: A gene-gene-environment interaction. Transl. Psychiatry, 2013, 3, e222.
[12]
Heidbreder, C.A.; Hagan, J.J. Novel pharmacotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of drug addiction and craving. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 2005, 5, 107-118.
[13]
O’Brien, C.P. Anti-craving medications for relapse prevention: A possible new class of psychoactive medications. Am. J. Psychiatry, 2005, 162, 1423-1431.
[14]
Chen, T.J.; Blum, K.; Payte, J.T.; Schoolfield, J.; Hopper, D.; Stanford, M.; Braverman, E.R. Narcotic antagonists in drug dependence: Pilot study showing enhancement of compliance with SYN-10, amino-acid precursors and enkephalinase inhibition therapy. Med. Hypotheses, 2004, 63, 538-548.
[15]
Mei, W.; Zhang, J.X.; Xiao, Z. Acute effects of sublingual buprenorphine on brain responses to heroin-related cues in early-abstinent heroin addicts: an uncontrolled trial. Neuroscience, 2010, 170(3), 808-815.
[16]
Upadhyay, J.; Anderson, J.; Baumgartner, R.; Coimbra, A.; Schwarz, A.J.; Pendse, G.; Wallin, D.; Nutile, L.; Bishop, J.; George, E.; Elman, I.; Sunkaraneni, S.; Maier, G.; Iyengar, S.; Evelhoch, J.L.; Bleakman, D.; Hargreaves, R.; Becerra, L.; Borsook, D. Modulation of CNS pain circuitry by intravenous and sublingual doses of buprenorphine. Neuroimage, 2012, 59(4), 3762-3773.
[17]
Wagner, M.J.; Kim, T.H.; Savall, J.; Schnitzer, M.J.; Luo, L. Cerebellar granule cells encode the expectation of reward. Nature, 2017, 544(7648), 96-100.
[18]
Blum, K.; Gondré-Lewis, M.C.; Baron, D.; Thanos, P.K.; Braverman, E.R.; Neary, J.; Elman, I.; Badgaiyan, R.D. Introducing precision addiction management of reward deficiency syndrome, the construct that underpins all addictive behaviors. Front. Psychiatry, 2018, 9, 548.
[19]
Blum, K.; Madigan, M.A.; Fried, L.; Braverman, E.R.; Giordano, J.; Badgaiyan, R.D. Coupling Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) and Pro Dopamine Regulation (KB220) to combat Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Glob. J. Addict. Rehabil. Med., 2017, 1(2), 555556.
[20]
Blum, K.; Modestino, E.; Gondré-Lewis, M.; Neary, J.; Siwicki, D.; Hauser, M.; Barh, D.; Steinberg, B.; Badgaiyan, R. Global opioid epidemic: Doomed to fail without genetically based precision addiction medicine (PamTM): Lessons learned from America. Precis. Med, (Bangalore). 2017, 2(1), 17-22.
[21]
Blum, K.; Modestino, E.; Gondré-Lewis, M.; Chapman, E.J.; Neary, J.; Siwicki, D.; Baron, D.; Hauser, M.; Smith, D.E.; Roy, A.K.; Thanos, P.K.; Steinberg, B.; McLaughlin, T.; Fried, L.; Barh, D.; Dunston, G.A.; Badgaiyan, R.D. The benefits of Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARSTM) testing in Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Int. J. Genom. Data Min, 2018, 2018(1), 115.
[22]
Blum, K.; Modestino, E.; Gondré-Lewis, M.; Siwicki, D.; Moran, M.; Hauser, M.; Braverman, E.R.; Baron, D.; Steinberg, B.; Laughlin, T.M.; Badgaiyan, R.D. Promoting Precision Addiction Management (PAM) to combat the global opioid crisis. Biomed. J. Sci. Tech. Res, 2018, 2(2), 1-4.
[23]
Blum, K.; Marcelo, F.; Lyle, F.; David, B.; Braverman, E.R.; Dushaj, K.; Li, M.; Demetrovics, Z.; Badgaiyan, R.D. Pro-Dopamine Regulator (KB220) A Fifty Year Sojourn to Combat Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Evidence Based Bibliography (Annotated). CPQ Neurol. Psycol., 2018, 1(2), 1-23.
[24]
Robison, L.S.; Swenson, S.; Hamilton, J.; Thanos, P.K. Exercise reduces dopamine D1R and increases D2R in Rats: Implications for addiction. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 2018, 50(8), 1596-1602.
[25]
Blum, K.; Giordano, J.; Morse, S.; Anderson, A.; Carbajal, W.R.; Downs, B.W.; Downs, J.; Madigan, M.; Barh, D.; Braverman, E.R. Hypothesizing synergy between acupuncture/auriculotherapy and natural activation of mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways: Putative natural treatment modalities for the reduction of drug hunger and relapse. (2011), IIOAB Lett., 1, 8-20.

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