Generic placeholder image

Anti-Infective Agents

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2211-3525
ISSN (Online): 2211-3533

Review Article

Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate): A Potential Anti-microbial Agent

Author(s): Aida Doostkam, Kamyar Iravani and Shahindokht Bassiri-Jahromi*

Volume 18, Issue 1, 2020

Page: [2 - 14] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/2211352517666190215113232

Abstract

Polyphenols have received high attention due to their biological functions. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a rich source of polyphenols such as tannin, ellagitannin, flavonoids and other phenolic acids. The potential therapeutic uses of pomegranate appear to be wide diversity. Pomegranate contains strong antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties, with potential health interests.

This review has been performed on a method of systematic narrative review on the antimicrobial potency of different parts of pomegranate. A search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar from 1986 to 2018 to obtain related studies. The aim of this review present an overview of the aspect and advantages of Punica granatum L. and summarize the present data on the pomegranate anti-microbial activity in in-vitro and in-vivo tests, animal trial systems and human clinical trials. Also, this review discussed the pomegranate extracts activities and their future application.

The findings of this review support that the pomegranate might be possible to use in the control and potential therapeutics of some microbial infections. This review highlights the new researches on the anti-microbial activities of pomegranate.

Keywords: Phytotherapy, natural products, Punica granatum L., antimicrobial, pomegranate, polyphenols.

[1]
Fadavi, A.; Barzegar, M.; Azizi, M.H. Physicochemical composition of ten pomegranate cultivars (Punica granatum L.) grown in Iran. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2005, 11, 113-119.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013205052765]
[2]
Schwartz, E.; Tzulker, R.; Glazer, I.; Bar-Ya’akov, I.; Wiesman, Z.; Tripler, E.; Bar-Ilan, I.; Fromm, H.; Borochov-Neori, H.; Holland, D.; Amir, R. Environmental conditions affect the color, taste, and antioxidant capacity of 11 pomegranate accessions’ fruits. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 197-209.
[3]
Howell, A.B.; D’Souza, D.H. The pomegranate: effects on bacteria and viruses that influence human health. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2013, 2013606212
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/606212] [PMID: 23762148]
[4]
Wise, R.; Hart, T.; Cars, O.; Streulens, M.; Helmuth, R.; Huovinen, P.; Sprenger, M. Antimicrobial resistance. Is a major threat to public health. BMJ, 1998, 317(7159), 609-610.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.317.7159.609] [PMID: 9727981]
[5]
Ismail, T.; Sestili, P.; Akhtar, S. Pomegranate peel and fruit extracts: a review of potential anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2012, 143(2), 397-405.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.004] [PMID: 22820239]
[6]
Bassiri-Jahromi, S. Punica granatum (Pomegranate) activity in health promotion and cancer prevention. Oncol. Rev., 2018, 12(1), 345.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2018.345] [PMID: 29441150]
[7]
Al-Zoreky, N.S. Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit peels. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 2009, 134(3), 244-248.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.07.002] [PMID: 19632734]
[8]
Ben Nasr, C.; Ayed, N.; Metche, M. Quantitative determination of the polyphenolic content of pomegranate peel. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 1996, 203(4), 374-378.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01231077] [PMID: 9123975]
[9]
Mertens-Talcott, S.U.; Jilma-Stohlawetz, P.; Rios, J.; Hingorani, L.; Derendorf, H. Absorption, metabolism, and antioxidant effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) polyphenols after ingestion of a standardized extract in healthy human volunteers. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54(23), 8956-8961.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf061674h] [PMID: 17090147]
[10]
Noda, Y.; Kaneyuki, T.; Mori, A.; Packer, L. Antioxidant activities of pomegranate fruit extract and its anthocyanidins: delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50(1), 166-171.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0108765] [PMID: 11754562]
[11]
van Elswijk, D.A.; Schobel, U.P.; Lansky, E.P.; Irth, H.; van der Greef, J. Rapid dereplication of estrogenic compounds in pomegranate (Punica granatum) using on-line biochemical detection coupled to mass spectrometry. Phytochemistry, 2004, 65(2), 233-241.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2003.07.001] [PMID: 14732284]
[12]
Murthy, K.N.; Reddy, V.K.; Veigas, J.M.; Murthy, U.D. Study on wound healing activity of Punica granatum peel. J. Med. Food, 2004, 7(2), 256-259.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/1096620041224111] [PMID: 15298776]
[13]
Middha, SK; Usha, T; Pande, V HPLC evaluation of phenolic profile, nutritive content, and antioxidant capacity of extracts obtained from Punica granatum fruit peel. Adv. Pharmacol. Sci., 2013, 2013 ID 296236
[14]
Viuda-Martos, M.; Fernandez-Lopez, J.; Perez-Alvarez, J.A. Pomegranate and its many functional components as related to human health: a review. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf., 2010, 9, 635-654.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00131.x]
[15]
Bassiri-Jahromi, S.; Doostkam, A. Comparative evaluation of bioactive compounds of various cultivars of pomegranate (Punica granatum) in different world regions. AIMS Agriculture and Food., 2019, 4(1), 41-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2019.1.41]
[16]
Veeresham, C. Natural products derived from plants as a source of drugs. J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res., 2012, 3(4), 200-201.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-4040.104709] [PMID: 23378939]
[17]
Jurenka, J.S. Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): a review. Altern. Med. Rev., 2008, 13(2), 128-144.
[PMID: 18590349]
[18]
Adhami, V.M.; Khan, N.; Mukhtar, H. Cancer chemoprevention by pomegranate: laboratory and clinical evidence. Nutr. Cancer, 2009, 61(6), 811-815.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635580903285064] [PMID: 20155621]
[19]
Zarfeshany, A.; Asgary, S.; Javanmard, S.H. Potent health effects of pomegranate. Adv. Biomed. Res., 2014, 3, 100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.129371] [PMID: 24800189]
[20]
El-Sherbiny, G.M.; El Sherbiny, E.T. The effect of Commiphora molmol (Myrrh) in treatment of Trichomoniasis vaginalis infection. Iran. Red Crescent Med. J., 2011, 13(7), 480-486.
[PMID: 22737515]
[21]
Anibal, P.C.; Peixoto, I.T.A.; Foglio, M.A.; Höfling, J.F.; Braz, J. Antifungal activity of the ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum L. and evaluation of the morphological and structural modifications of its compounds upon the cells of Candida spp. Braz. J. Microbiol., 2013, 44(3), 839-848.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822013005000060] [PMID: 24516425]
[22]
Reddy, B.U.; Mullick, R.; Kumar, A.; Sudha, G.; Srinivasan, N.; Das, S. Small molecule inhibitors of HCV replication from pomegranate. Sci. Rep., 2014, 4, 5411.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep05411] [PMID: 24958333]
[23]
Aviram, M.; Rosenblat, M. Pomegranate for your cardiovascular health. Rambam Maimonides Med. J., 2013, 4(2)e0013
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5041/RMMJ.10113] [PMID: 23908863]
[24]
Prasad, D.; Kunnaiah, R. Punica granatum: a review on its potential role in treating periodontal disease. J. Indian Soc. Periodontol., 2014, 18(4), 428-432.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.138678] [PMID: 25210254]
[25]
Mohan, M.; Patankar, P.; Ghadi, P.; Kasture, S. Cardioprotective potential of Punica granatum extract in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats. J. Pharmacol. Pharmacother., 2010, 1(1), 32-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-500X.64533] [PMID: 21808588]
[26]
Middha, S.K.; Bhattacharjee, B.; Saini, D.; Baliga, M.S.; Nagaveni, M.B.; Usha, T. Protective role of Trigonella foenum graceum extract against oxidative stress in hyperglycemic rats. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., 2011, 15(4), 427-435.
[PMID: 21608438]
[27]
Tavassoli-Hojjati, S.; Aliasghar, E.; Babaki, F.A.; Emadi, F.; Parsa, M.; Tavajohi, S.; Ahmadyar, M.; Ostad, S.N. Pomegranate juice (Punica granatum): a new storage medium for avulsed teeth. J. Dent. (Tehran), 2014, 11(2), 225-232.
[PMID: 24910699]
[28]
Pacheco-Palencia, L.A.; Noratto, G.; Hingorani, L.; Talcott, S.T.; Mertens-Talcott, S.U. Protective effects of standardized pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) polyphenolic extract in ultraviolet-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 56(18), 8434-8441.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf8005307] [PMID: 18717570]
[29]
Subash, S.; Essa, M.M.; Al-Asmi, A.; Al-Adawi, S.; Vaishnav, R.; Braidy, N.; Manivasagam, T.; Guillemin, G.J. Pomegranate from Oman Alleviates the Brain oxidative damage in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. J. Tradit. Complement. Med., 2014, 4(4), 232-238.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2225-4110.139107] [PMID: 25379464]
[30]
Rasheed, Z.; Akhtar, N.; Haqqi, T.M. Pomegranate extract inhibits the interleukin-1β-induced activation of MKK-3, p38α-MAPK and transcription factor RUNX-2 in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Arthritis Res. Ther., 2010, 12(5), R195.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ar3166] [PMID: 20955562]
[31]
Mo, J.; Panichayupakaranant, P.; Kaewnopparat, N.; Nitiruangjaras, A.; Reanmongkol, W. Wound healing activities of standardized pomegranate rind extract and its major antioxidant ellagic acid in rat dermal wounds. J. Nat. Med., 2014, 68(2), 377-386.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-013-0813-9] [PMID: 24407977]
[32]
Sadeghipour, A.; Eidi, M.; Ilchizadeh Kavgani, A.; Ghahramani, R.; Shahabzadeh, S.; Anissian, A. Lipid lowering effect of Punica granatum L. Peel in High Lipid Diet Fed Male Rats. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2014, 2014432650
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/432650] [PMID: 25295067]
[33]
Dell’agli, M.; Galli, G.V.; Bulgari, M.; Basilico, N.; Romeo, S.; Bhattacharya, D.; Taramelli, D.; Bosisio, E. Ellagitannins of the fruit rind of pomegranate (Punica granatum) antagonize in vitro the host inflammatory response mechanisms involved in the onset of malaria. Malar. J., 2010, 9, 208.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-208] [PMID: 20642847]
[34]
Malik, A.; Mukhtar, H. Prostate cancer prevention through pomegranate fruit. Cell Cycle, 2006, 5(4), 371-373.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cc.5.4.2486] [PMID: 16479165]
[35]
Al-Jarallah, A.; Igdoura, F.; Zhang, Y.; Tenedero, C.B.; White, E.J.; MacDonald, M.E.; Igdoura, S.A.; Trigatti, B.L. The effect of pomegranate extract on coronary artery atherosclerosis in SR-BI/APOE double knockout mice. Atherosclerosis, 2013, 228(1), 80-89.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.025] [PMID: 23528829]
[36]
Jelodar, G.; Mohsen, M.; Shahram, S. Effect of walnut leaf, coriander and pomegranate on blood glucose and histopathology of pancreas of alloxan induced diabetic rats. Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med., 2007, 4(3), 299-305.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v4i3.31223] [PMID: 20161893]
[37]
Devasagayam, T.P.; Tilak, J.C.; Boloor, K.K.; Sane, K.S.; Ghaskadbi, S.S.; Lele, R.D. Free radicals and antioxidants in human health: current status and future prospects. J. Assoc. Physicians India, 2004, 52, 794-804.
[PMID: 15909857]
[38]
Devatkal, S.K.; Jaiswal, P.; Jha, S.N.; Bharadwaj, R.; Viswas, K.N. Antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of pomegranate peel against Pseudomonas stutzeri isolated from poultry meat. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2013, 50(3), 555-560.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0351-y] [PMID: 24425952]
[39]
Prashanth, D.; Asha, M.K.; Amit, A. Antibacterial activity of Punica granatum. Fitoterapia, 2001, 72(2), 171-173.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00270-7] [PMID: 11223228]
[40]
Braga, L.C.; Shupp, J.W.; Cummings, C.; Jett, M.; Takahashi, J.A.; Carmo, L.S.; Chartone-Souza, E.; Nascimento, A.M. Pomegranate extract inhibits Staphylococcus aureus growth and subsequent enterotoxin production. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2005, 96(1-2), 335-339.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.034] [PMID: 15588686]
[41]
Alanís, A.D.; Calzada, F.; Cervantes, J.A.; Torres, J.; Ceballos, G.M. Antibacterial properties of some plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2005, 100(1-2), 153-157.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.02.022] [PMID: 16005589]
[42]
McCarrell, E.M.; Gould, S.W.J.; Fielder, M.D.; Kelly, A.F.; El Sankary, W.; Naughton, D.P. Antimicrobial activities of pomegranate rind extracts: enhancement by addition of metal salts and vitamin C. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2008, 8, 64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-8-64] [PMID: 19077299]
[43]
Endo, E.H.; Ueda-Nakamura, T.; Nakamura, C.V.; Filho, B.P. Activity of spray-dried microparticles containing pomegranate peel extract against Candida albicans. Molecules, 2012, 17(9), 10094-10107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules170910094] [PMID: 22922280]
[44]
Li, Z.J.; Liu, M.; Dawuti, G.; Dou, Q.; Ma, Y.; Liu, H.G.; Aibai, S. Antifungal activity of gallic acid in vitro and in vivo. Phytother. Res., 2017, 31(7), 1039-1045.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5823] [PMID: 28524381]
[45]
Rosas-Burgos, E.C.; Burgos-Hernández, A.; Noguera-Artiaga, L.; Kačániová, M.; Hernández-García, F.; Cárdenas-López, J.L.; Carbonell-Barrachina, A.A. Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extracts as affected by cultivar. J. Sci. Food Agric., 2017, 97(3), 802-810.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7799] [PMID: 27173758]
[46]
Ahmad, I.; Beg, A.Z. Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies on 45 Indian medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant human pathogens. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2001, 74(2), 113-123.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00335-4] [PMID: 11167029]
[47]
Duman, A.D.; Ozgen, M.; Dayisoylu, K.S.; Erbil, N.; Durgac, C. Antimicrobial activity of six pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) varieties and their relation to some of their pomological and phytonutrient characteristics. Molecules, 2009, 14(5), 1808-1817.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules14051808] [PMID: 19471201]
[48]
Choi, J.G.; Kang, O.H.; Lee, Y.S.; Chae, H.S.; Oh, Y.C.; Brice, O.O.; Kim, M.S.; Sohn, D.H.; Kim, H.S.; Park, H.; Shin, D.W.; Rho, J.R.; Kwon, D.Y. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of Punica granatum peel ethanol extract against Salmonella. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2011, 2011690518
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep105] [PMID: 19687188]
[49]
Kanatt, S.R.; Chander, R.; Sharma, A. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extract improves the shelf life of chicken products. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2010, 45, 216-222.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2009.02124.x]
[50]
Bonifácio, B.V.; dos Santos Ramos, M.A.; da Silva, P.B.; Bauab, T.M. Antimicrobial activity of natural products against Helicobacter pylori: a review. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob., 2014, 13, 54.
[PMID: 25406585]
[51]
Hajimahmoodi, M.; Shams-Ardakani, M.; Saniee, P.; Siavoshi, F.; Mehrabani, M.; Hosseinzadeh, H.; Foroumadi, P.; Safavi, M.; Khanavi, M.; Akbarzadeh, T.; Shafiee, A.; Foroumadi, A. In vitro antibacterial activity of some Iranian medicinal plant extracts against Helicobacter pylori. Nat. Prod. Res., 2011, 25(11), 1059-1066.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2010.501763] [PMID: 21726128]
[52]
Fawole, O.A.; Makunga, N.P.; Opara, U.L. Antibacterial, antioxidant and tyrosinase-inhibition activities of pomegranate fruit peel methanolic extract. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2012, 12, 200.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-12-200] [PMID: 23110485]
[53]
Machado, T.B.; Pinto, A.V.; Pinto, M.C.F.R.; Leal, I.C.R.; Silva, M.G.; Amaral, A.C.F.; Kuster, R.M.; Netto-dosSantos, K.R. In vitro activity of Brazilian medicinal plants, naturally occurring naphthoquinones and their analogues, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 2003, 21(3), 279-284.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-8579(02)00349-7] [PMID: 12636992]
[54]
Voravuthikunchai, S.P.; Kitpipit, L. Activity of medicinal plant extracts against hospital isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 2005, 11(6), 510-512.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01104.x] [PMID: 15882206]
[55]
Koh, K.H.; Tham, F.Y. Screening of traditional Chinese medicinal plants for quorum-sensing inhibitors activity. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect., 2011, 44(2), 144-148.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2009.10.001] [PMID: 21439518]
[56]
Närhi, T.O.; Tenovuo, J.; Ainamo, A.; Vilja, P. Antimicrobial factors, sialic acid, and protein concentration in whole saliva of the elderly. Scand. J. Dent. Res., 1994, 102(2), 120-125.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1994.tb01166.x] [PMID: 7517065]
[57]
Petti, S.; Scully, C. Polyphenols, oral health and disease: a review. J. Dent., 2009, 37(6), 413-423.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2009.02.003] [PMID: 19303186]
[58]
Vasconcelos, L.C.; Sampaio, F.C.; Sampaio, M.C. Pereira, Mdo.S.; Higino, J.S.; Peixoto, M.H. Minimum inhibitory concentration of adherence of Punica granatum Linn (pomegranate) gel against S. mutans, S. mitis and C. albicans. Braz. Dent. J., 2006, 17(3), 223-227.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-64402006000300009] [PMID: 17262129]
[59]
Kakiuchi, N.; Hattori, M.; Nishizawa, M.; Yamagishi, T.; Okuda, T.; Namba, T. Studies on dental caries prevention by traditional medicines. VIII. Inhibitory effect of various tannins on glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 1986, 34(2), 720-725.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.34.720] [PMID: 2939967]
[60]
Pereira, J.V.; Pereira, M.S.V.; Sampaio, F.C.; Sampaio, C.M.C.; Alves, P.M.; Ferreira de Araújo, C.R.; Higino, J.S. Efeito antibacteriano e antiaderente in vitro do extrato da Punica granatum Linn. sobre microrganismos do biofilme dental Braz. J. Pharmacogn., 2006, 16, 88-93.
[61]
Gebara, I.; Lima, L.A.; Mayer, M.P.A. Propolis antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic bacteria. Atividade antimicrobiana da própolis contra bactérias periodontopatogênicas. Braz. J. Microbiol., 2002, 33, 365-369.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822002000400018]
[62]
Abdollahzadeh, Sh.; Mashouf, R.; Mortazavi, H.; Moghaddam, M.; Roozbahani, N.; Vahedi, M. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Punica granatum peel extracts against oral pathogens. J. Dent. (Tehran), 2011, 8(1), 1-6.
[PMID: 21998800]
[63]
Seeram, N.P.; Adams, L.S.; Henning, S.M.; Niu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Nair, M.G.; Heber, D. In vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant activities of punicalagin, ellagic acid and a total pomegranate tannin extract are enhanced in combination with other polyphenols as found in pomegranate juice. J. Nutr. Biochem., 2005, 16(6), 360-367.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.01.006] [PMID: 15936648]
[64]
Ghalayani, P.; Zolfaghary, B.; Farhad, A.R.; Tavangar, A.; Soleymani, B. The efficacy of Punica granatum extract in the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J. Res. Pharm. Pract., 2013, 2(2), 88-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2279-042X.117389] [PMID: 24991610]
[65]
Menezes, S.M.; Cordeiro, L.N.; Viana, G.S. Punica granatum (pomegranate) extract is active against dental plaque. J. Herb. Pharmacother., 2006, 6(2), 79-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/J157v06n02_07] [PMID: 17182487]
[66]
Vasconcelos, L.C.; Sampaio, M.C.; Sampaio, F.C.; Higino, J.S. Use of Punica granatum as an antifungal agent against candidosis associated with denture stomatitis. Mycoses, 2003, 46(5-6), 192-196.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0507.2003.00884.x] [PMID: 12801361]
[67]
Dabholkar, C.S.; Shah, M.; Kathariya, R.; Bajaj, M.; Doshi, Y. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of pomegranate-containing mouthwash against oral-biofilm forming organisms: an in vitro microbial study. J. Clin. Diagn. Res., 2016, 10(3), ZC65-ZC69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/16478.7475] [PMID: 27135005]
[68]
Mehta, V.V.; Rajesh, G.; Rao, A.; Shenoy, R. B H, M.P. Antimicrobial efficacy of Punica granatum mesocarp, Nelumbo nucifera Leaf, Psidium guajava Leaf and Coffea Canephora extract on common oral pathogens: an in-vitro study. J. Clin. Diagn. Res., 2014, 8(7), ZC65-ZC68.
[PMID: 25177642]
[69]
Pérez, C.; Anesini, C. In vitro antibacterial activity of Argentine folk medicinal plants against Salmonella typhi. J. Ethnopharmacol., 1994, 44(1), 41-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(94)90097-3] [PMID: 7990503]
[70]
Mathabe, M.C.; Nikolova, R.V.; Lall, N.; Nyazema, N.Z. Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Limpopo Province, South Africa. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2006, 105(1-2), 286-293.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.01.029] [PMID: 16545928]
[71]
Tayel, A.A.; El-Tras, W.F.; Moussa, S.H.; El-Sabbagh, S.M. Surface decontamination and quality enhancement in meat steaks using plant extracts as natural biopreservatives. Foodborne Pathog. Dis., 2012, 9(8), 755-761.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2012.1203] [PMID: 22827400]
[72]
Turgut, S.S.; Soyer, A.; Işıkçı, F. Effect of pomegranate peel extract on lipid and protein oxidation in beef meatballs during refrigerated storage. Meat Sci., 2016, 116, 126-132.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.02.011] [PMID: 26878610]
[73]
Qin, Y.Y.; Zhang, Z.H.; Li, L.; Xiong, W.; Shi, J.Y.; Zhao, T.R.; Fan, J. Antioxidant effect of pomegranate rind powder extract, pomegranate juice, and pomegranate seed powder extract as antioxidants in raw ground pork meat. Food Sci. Biotechnol., 2013, 22, 1063-1069.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-013-0184-8]
[74]
Endo, E.H.; Cortez, D.A.; Ueda-Nakamura, T.; Nakamura, C.V.; Dias Filho, B.P. Potent antifungal activity of extracts and pure compound isolated from pomegranate peels and synergism with fluconazole against Candida albicans. Res. Microbiol., 2010, 161(7), 534-540.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2010.05.002] [PMID: 20541606]
[75]
Williamson, E.M. Synergy and other interactions in phytomedicines. Phytomedicine, 2001, 8(5), 401-409.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00060] [PMID: 11695885]
[76]
Dos Santos, A.L. Protease expression by microorganisms and its relevance to crucial physiological/pathological events. World J. Biol. Chem., 2011, 2(3), 48-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4331/wjbc.v2.i3.48] [PMID: 21537490]
[77]
Burapadaja, S.; Bunchoo, A. Antimicrobial activity of tannins from Terminalia citrina. Planta Med., 1995, 61(4), 365-366.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-958103] [PMID: 7480186]
[78]
Tayel, A.A.; El-Baz, A.F.; Salem, M.F.; El-Hadary, M.H. Potential applications of pomegranate peel extract for the control of citrus green mould. J. Plant Dis. Prot., 2009, 116, 252-256.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03356318]
[79]
Foss, S.R.; Nakamura, C.V.; Ueda-Nakamura, T.; Cortez, D.A.; Endo, E.H.; Dias Filho, B.P. Antifungal activity of pomegranate peel extract and isolated compound punicalagin against dermatophytes. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob., 2014, 13, 32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12941-014-0032-6] [PMID: 25260038]
[80]
Bassiri-Jahromi, S.; Katiraee, F.; Hajimahmoodi, M.; Talebi, M.; Pourshafie, M.R. In vitro antifungal activity of various Persian cultivars of Punica granatum L. extracts against Candida species. Jundishapur J. Nat. Pharm. Prod., 2015, 10e19754
[http://dx.doi.org/10.17795/jjnpp-19754]
[81]
Bassiri-Jahromi, S.; Pourshafie, M.R.; Mirabzadeh Ardakani, E.; Ehsani, A.H.; Doostkam, A.; Katirae, F.; Mostafavi, E. In vivo comparative evaluation of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract as alternative agents for nystatin against oral candidiasis. Iran. J. Med. Sci., 2017, 43(3), 296-304.
[82]
Scalbert, A. Antimicrobial properties of tannins. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30, 3875-3883.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83426-L]
[83]
Glazer, I.; Masaphy, S.; Marciano, P.; Bar-Ilan, I.; Holland, D.; Kerem, Z.; Amir, R. Partial identification of antifungal compounds from Punica granatum peel extracts. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2012, 60(19), 4841-4848.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf300330y] [PMID: 22533815]
[84]
Haslam, E. Natural polyphenols (vegetable tannins) as drugs: possible modes of action. J. Nat. Prod., 1996, 59(2), 205-215.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np960040+] [PMID: 8991956]
[85]
Reddy, M.K.; Gupta, S.K.; Jacob, M.R.; Khan, S.I.; Ferreira, D. Antioxidant, antimalarial and antimicrobial activities of tannin-rich fractions, ellagitannins and phenolic acids from Punica granatum L. Planta Med., 2007, 73(5), 461-467.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-967167] [PMID: 17566148]
[86]
Dell’Agli, M.; Galli, G.V.; Corbett, Y.; Taramelli, D.; Lucantoni, L.; Habluetzel, A.; Maschi, O.; Caruso, D.; Giavarini, F.; Romeo, S.; Bhattacharya, D.; Bosisio, E. Antiplasmodial activity of Punica granatum L. fruit rind. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2009, 125(2), 279-285.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.06.025] [PMID: 19577622]
[87]
El-Shennawy, A.; Ali, E.; El-Komy, W.; Fahmy, Z.; El-Wakel, E. Evaluation of ponytail antiparasitic activity of pomegranate juice, peels and leaves against Giardia lamblia. Int. J. Infect. Dis., 2010, 14(2), S84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1201-9712(10)60262-7]
[88]
Howell, A.B.; D’Souza, D.H. The pomegranate: Effects on bacteria and viruses that influence human health. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2013, 2013 ID 606212
[89]
Neurath, A.R.; Strick, N.; Li, Y.Y.; Debnath, A.K. Punica granatum (pomegranate) juice provides an HIV-1 entry inhibitor and candidate topical microbicide. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 2005, 1056, 311-327.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1352.015] [PMID: 16387698]
[90]
Naz, S.; Siddiqi, R.; Ahmad, S.; Rasool, S.A.; Sayeed, S.A. Antibacterial activity directed isolation of compounds from Punica granatum. J. Food Sci., 2007, 72(9), M341-M345.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00533.x] [PMID: 18034726]
[91]
Rout, S.; Banerjee, R. Free radical scavenging, anti-glycation and tyrosinase inhibition properties of a polysaccharide fraction isolated from the rind from Punica granatum. Bioresour. Technol., 2007, 98(16), 3159-3163.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.011] [PMID: 17140791]
[92]
Katz, S.R.; Newman, R.A.; Lansky, E.P. Punica granatum: heuristic treatment for diabetes mellitus. J. Med. Food, 2007, 10(2), 213-217.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2006.290] [PMID: 17651054]
[93]
Viladomiu, M.; Hontecillas, R.; Lu, P.; Bassaganya-Riera, J. Preventive and Prophylactic Mechanisms of Action of Pomegranate Bioactive Constituents. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2013, 2013Article ID 789764
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/789764]
[94]
Vidal, A.; Fallarero, A.; Peña, B.R.; Medina, M.E.; Gra, B.; Rivera, F.; Gutierrez, Y.; Vuorela, P.M. Studies on the toxicity of Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) whole fruit extracts. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2003, 89(2-3), 295-300.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.001] [PMID: 14611895]
[95]
Cerdá, B.; Cerón, J.J.; Tomás-Barberán, F.A.; Espín, J.C. Repeated oral administration of high doses of the pomegranate ellagitannin punicalagin to rats for 37 days is not toxic. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51(11), 3493-3501.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020842c] [PMID: 12744688]
[96]
Patel, C.; Dadhaniya, P.; Hingorani, L.; Soni, M.G. Safety assessment of pomegranate fruit extract: acute and subchronic toxicity studies. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2008, 46(8), 2728-2735.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.035] [PMID: 18571823]
[97]
Bassiri-Jahromi, S.; Pourshafie, M.R.; Mirabzadeh, E.; Tavasoli, A.; Katiraee, F.; Mostafavi, E.; Abbasian, S. Punica granatum peel extract toxicity in mice. Jundishapur J. Nat. Pharm. Prod., 2015, 10e23770
[http://dx.doi.org/10.17795/jjnpp-23770]
[98]
Fatope, M.O.; Al Burtomani, S.K.; Takeda, Y. Monoacylglycerol from Punica granatum seed oil. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50(2), 357-360.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf010711w] [PMID: 11782207]
[99]
Aviram, M.; Rosenblat, M.; Gaitini, D.; Nitecki, S.; Hoffman, A.; Dornfeld, L.; Volkova, N.; Presser, D.; Attias, J.; Liker, H.; Hayek, T. Pomegranate juice consumption for 3 years by patients with carotid artery stenosis reduces common carotid intima-media thickness, blood pressure and LDL oxidation. Clin. Nutr., 2004, 23(3), 423-433.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2003.10.002] [PMID: 15158307]
[100]
Heber, D.; Seeram, N.P.; Wyatt, H.; Henning, S.M.; Zhang, Y.; Ogden, L.G.; Dreher, M.; Hill, J.O. Safety and antioxidant activity of a pomegranate ellagitannin-enriched polyphenol dietary supplement in overweight individuals with increased waist size. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55(24), 10050-10054.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf071689v] [PMID: 17966977]
[101]
Hafiz, T.A.; Mubaraki, M.A.; Al-Quraishy, S.; Dkhil, M.A. The potential role of Punica granatum treatment on murine malaria-induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress. Parasitol. Res., 2016, 115(4), 1427-1433.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4876-2] [PMID: 26670312]
[102]
Rebogile, R. Mphahlele, Olaniyi A. Fawole, Nokwanda P. Makunga, Umezuruike L. Opara. Effect of drying on the bioactive compounds, antioxidant, antibacterial and antityrosinase activities of pomegranate peel. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2016, 16, 143.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1132-y]
[103]
Verotta, L.; Dell’Agli, M.; Giolito, A.; Guerrini, M.; Cabalion, P.; Bosisio, E. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of extracts of Tristaniopsis species and identification of the active constituents: ellagic acid and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-(6′-O-galloyl)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. J. Nat. Prod., 2001, 64(5), 603-607.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np000306j] [PMID: 11374952]
[104]
Soh, P.N.; Witkowski, B.; Olagnier, D.; Nicolau, M.L.; Garcia-Alvarez, M.C.; Berry, A.; Benoit-Vical, F. In vitro and in vivo properties of ellagic acid in malaria treatment. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2009, 53(3), 1100-1106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01175-08] [PMID: 19015354]
[105]
Shan, B.; Cai, Y.Z.; Brooks, J.D.; Corke, H. Potential application of spice and herb extracts as natural preservatives in cheese. J. Med. Food, 2011, 14(3), 284-290.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2010.0009] [PMID: 21142945]
[106]
Tayel, A.A.; El-Tras, W.F. Anticandidal activity of pomegranate peel extract aerosol as an applicable sanitizing method. Mycoses, 2010, 53(2), 117-122.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01681.x] [PMID: 19207830]
[107]
Opara, L.U.; Al-Ani, M.R.; Al-Shuaibi, Y. Physico-chemical Properties, Vitamin C content, and antimicrobial properties of pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.). Food Bioprocess Technol., 2009, 2, 315-321.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-008-0095-5]
[108]
Kışla, D.; Karabıyıklı, Ş. Antimicrobial effect of sour pomegranate sauce on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. J. Food Sci., 2013, 78(5), M715-M718.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12099] [PMID: 23534450]
[109]
Dey, D.; Ray, R.; Hazra, B. Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate fruit constituents against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and β-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pharm. Biol., 2015, 53(10), 1474-1480.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2014.986687] [PMID: 25858784]
[110]
Ahad, S.; Tanveer, S.; Malik, T.A.; Nawchoo, I.A. Anticoccidial activity of fruit peel of Punica granatum L. Microb. Pathog., 2018, 116, 78-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.015] [PMID: 29339307]

© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy