Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology consists of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, made of hyperphosphorylated tau and extracellular accumulation of beta amyloid (Aβ) in Aβ plaques. There is an extensive debate as to which pathology initiates and is responsible for cellular loss in AD.
Methods: Using confocal and light microscopy, post mortem brains from control and AD cases, an antibody to SOD2 as a marker for mitochondria and an antibody to all forms of tau, we analyzed mitochondrial density in tau positive neurons along with nuclear degradation by calculating the raw integrative density.
Results: Our findings showed an extensive staining of aggregated tau in cell bodies, dystrophic neurites and neurofilaments in AD with minimal staining in control tissue, along with a marked decrease in mitochondria in tau positive (tau+) neurons. The control or tau negative (tau-) neurons in AD contained an even distribution of mitochondria, which was greatly diminished in tau+ neurons by 40%. There were no significant differences between control and tau- neurons in AD. Tau+ neurons showed marked nuclear degradation which appeared to progress with the extent of tau aggregation. The aggregated tau infiltrated and appeared to break the nuclear envelope with progressively more DNA exiting the nucleus and associating with the aggregated intracellular tau.
Conclusion: We report that the mitochondrial decrease is likely due to a decrease in the protein synthesis rather than a redistribution of mitochondria because of the decreased axonal transport. We suggest that the decrease in mitochondria and nuclear degradation are key mechanisms for the neuronal loss seen in AD.
Keywords: Mitochondrial loss, SOD2, tau phosphorylation, Alzheimer`s disease, nuclear degradation, decrease in protein synthesis.
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Tau Positive Neurons Show Marked Mitochondrial Loss and Nuclear Degradation in Alzheimer's Disease
Volume: 15 Issue: 10
Author(s): Melissa Wee, Fariba Chegini, John H.T. Power*Shohreh Majd
Affiliation:
- Neuronal Injury and Repair Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide,Australia
Keywords: Mitochondrial loss, SOD2, tau phosphorylation, Alzheimer`s disease, nuclear degradation, decrease in protein synthesis.
Abstract: Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology consists of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, made of hyperphosphorylated tau and extracellular accumulation of beta amyloid (Aβ) in Aβ plaques. There is an extensive debate as to which pathology initiates and is responsible for cellular loss in AD.
Methods: Using confocal and light microscopy, post mortem brains from control and AD cases, an antibody to SOD2 as a marker for mitochondria and an antibody to all forms of tau, we analyzed mitochondrial density in tau positive neurons along with nuclear degradation by calculating the raw integrative density.
Results: Our findings showed an extensive staining of aggregated tau in cell bodies, dystrophic neurites and neurofilaments in AD with minimal staining in control tissue, along with a marked decrease in mitochondria in tau positive (tau+) neurons. The control or tau negative (tau-) neurons in AD contained an even distribution of mitochondria, which was greatly diminished in tau+ neurons by 40%. There were no significant differences between control and tau- neurons in AD. Tau+ neurons showed marked nuclear degradation which appeared to progress with the extent of tau aggregation. The aggregated tau infiltrated and appeared to break the nuclear envelope with progressively more DNA exiting the nucleus and associating with the aggregated intracellular tau.
Conclusion: We report that the mitochondrial decrease is likely due to a decrease in the protein synthesis rather than a redistribution of mitochondria because of the decreased axonal transport. We suggest that the decrease in mitochondria and nuclear degradation are key mechanisms for the neuronal loss seen in AD.
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Cite this article as:
Wee Melissa , Chegini Fariba , Power H.T. John *, Majd Shohreh , Tau Positive Neurons Show Marked Mitochondrial Loss and Nuclear Degradation in Alzheimer's Disease, Current Alzheimer Research 2018; 15 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180613115644
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180613115644 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
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Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
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Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
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Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
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