Abstract
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide and their incidence is increasing due to the aging population. At the moment, the available therapies are not disease modifying and have several limitations, some of which are discussed in this review. One of the main limitations of these treatments is the low concentration that drugs reach in the central nervous system after systemic administration. Indeed, the presence of biological barriers, particularly the blood-brain barrier (BBB), hinders the effective drug delivery to the brain, reducing the potential benefit coming from the administration of the medication. In this review, the mechanisms of transport across the BBB and new methods to improve drug passage across the BBB are discussed. These methods include non-invasive solutions such as intranasal and intravitreal administration, and the use of nanotechnology solutions based on polymeric carriers when the drug is intravenously injected, orally taken for intestine adsorption or delivered through the dermal mucosa. Also, it provides an analysis of more invasive solutions that include intracranially injected hydrogels and implanted devices for local drug delivery. Efforts in finding new therapeutic drugs blocking neurodegenerative disease progression or reverting their course should be coupled with efforts addressed to efficient drug delivery systems. Hence, new pharmacology discoveries together with advancements in nanotechnologies and biomaterials for regenerative medicine are required to effectively counteract neurodegenerative diseases.
Keywords: Blood-brain barrier, intranasal delivery, intravenous delivery, intravitreal delivery, nanotechnologies, neurodegenerative diseases, oral delivery, transdermal delivery.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Current Limitations in the Treatment of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspective of Polymeric Carriers
Volume: 25 Issue: 41
Author(s): Chiara Tonda-Turo, Nicola Origlia, Clara Mattu, Alice Accorroni and Valeria Chiono*
Affiliation:
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin,Italy
Keywords: Blood-brain barrier, intranasal delivery, intravenous delivery, intravitreal delivery, nanotechnologies, neurodegenerative diseases, oral delivery, transdermal delivery.
Abstract: Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide and their incidence is increasing due to the aging population. At the moment, the available therapies are not disease modifying and have several limitations, some of which are discussed in this review. One of the main limitations of these treatments is the low concentration that drugs reach in the central nervous system after systemic administration. Indeed, the presence of biological barriers, particularly the blood-brain barrier (BBB), hinders the effective drug delivery to the brain, reducing the potential benefit coming from the administration of the medication. In this review, the mechanisms of transport across the BBB and new methods to improve drug passage across the BBB are discussed. These methods include non-invasive solutions such as intranasal and intravitreal administration, and the use of nanotechnology solutions based on polymeric carriers when the drug is intravenously injected, orally taken for intestine adsorption or delivered through the dermal mucosa. Also, it provides an analysis of more invasive solutions that include intracranially injected hydrogels and implanted devices for local drug delivery. Efforts in finding new therapeutic drugs blocking neurodegenerative disease progression or reverting their course should be coupled with efforts addressed to efficient drug delivery systems. Hence, new pharmacology discoveries together with advancements in nanotechnologies and biomaterials for regenerative medicine are required to effectively counteract neurodegenerative diseases.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Tonda-Turo Chiara , Origlia Nicola , Mattu Clara , Accorroni Alice and Chiono Valeria *, Current Limitations in the Treatment of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspective of Polymeric Carriers, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2018; 25 (41) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180221125759
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180221125759 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
Current advances in inherited cardiomyopathy
Describe in detail all novel advances in multimodality imaging related to inherited cardiomyopathy diagnosis and prognosis. Shed light to deeper phenotypic characterization. Acknowledge recent advances in genetics, genomics and precision medicineread more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Pharmacological Approaches to Targeting Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Endocannabinoid Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases: Implications in Ischemic Stroke
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Recent Progress in Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases: Oncogenic Properties and Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications
Current Protein & Peptide Science Delineation of Current Development of Antimitotic Compounds Targeting Cytoskeletal Protein Tubulin and Microtubule in the Cancer Therapy
Current Chemical Biology Implications of PEGylation of Carbon Nanotubes for Central Nervous System Bioavailability
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Adhesion Dependent Signalling in the Tumour Microenvironment: The Future of Drug Targetting
Current Pharmaceutical Design Potential Interactions between miRNAs and Hypoxia: A New Layer in Cancer Hypoxia
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Cellular Changes, Molecular Pathways and the Immune System Following Photodynamic Treatment
Current Medicinal Chemistry Minocycline and Doxycycline: More Than Antibiotics
Current Molecular Pharmacology Tumoral Drug Metabolism: Perspectives and Therapeutic Implications
Current Drug Metabolism Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: New Pathophysiological Insights and Emerging Therapeutic Targets
Current Neuropharmacology Critical Questions for Preclinical Trials on Safety and Efficacy of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Based Therapeutic Angiogenesis for Ischemic Stroke
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Dietary and Plant Polyphenols Exert Neuroprotective Effects and Improve Cognitive Function in Cerebral Ischemia
Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Bipolar Disorder - Almost Forgotten Therapeutic Drug Targets in the Unfolded Protein Response Pathway Revisited
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Neurotachykinin NK1 Receptor – A Novel Target for Diagnostics and Therapy
Current Molecular Imaging (Discontinued) Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Adaptive Changes in the Neuroglialvascular Unit
Current Neurovascular Research Protein Kinase C as a Drug Target Implications for Drug or Diet Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
Current Drug Targets Intra-arterial Temozolomide, Osmotic Blood-brain Barrier Disruption and Radiotherapy in a Rat F98-Glioma Model
Clinical Cancer Drugs Targeting Malignancies with Disulfiram (Antabuse): Multidrug Resistance, Angiogenesis, and Proteasome
Current Cancer Drug Targets PET Imaging to Monitor Cancer Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology