Abstract
Genetic background accounts for only 5 to 10% of the reported cases of Parkinson's disease (PD), while the remaining cases are of unknown etiology. It is believed that environmental factors may be involved in the causality of a large proportion of PD cases. Several PD genes are activated by xenobiotic exposure, and a link between pesticide exposure and PD has been demonstrated. Many epidemiological studies have shown an association between PD and exposure to metals such as mercury, lead, manganese, copper, iron, aluminum, bismuth, thallium, and zinc. This review explores the biological effects, the pathogenetic processes, genetic susceptibilities to metals as well as examining future strategies for PD treatment, such as chelation therapy.
Keywords: Substantia nigra, alpha-synuclein, beta-amyloid, glutamate, glutathione, oxidative stress, metals, dopamine.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Metals and Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms and Biochemical Processes
Volume: 25 Issue: 19
Author(s): Geir Bjorklund*, Vera Stejskal, Mauricio A. Urbina, Maryam Dadar, Salvatore Chirumbolo and Joachim Mutter
Affiliation:
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana,Norway
Keywords: Substantia nigra, alpha-synuclein, beta-amyloid, glutamate, glutathione, oxidative stress, metals, dopamine.
Abstract: Genetic background accounts for only 5 to 10% of the reported cases of Parkinson's disease (PD), while the remaining cases are of unknown etiology. It is believed that environmental factors may be involved in the causality of a large proportion of PD cases. Several PD genes are activated by xenobiotic exposure, and a link between pesticide exposure and PD has been demonstrated. Many epidemiological studies have shown an association between PD and exposure to metals such as mercury, lead, manganese, copper, iron, aluminum, bismuth, thallium, and zinc. This review explores the biological effects, the pathogenetic processes, genetic susceptibilities to metals as well as examining future strategies for PD treatment, such as chelation therapy.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Bjorklund Geir*, Stejskal Vera , Urbina A. Mauricio, Dadar Maryam, Chirumbolo Salvatore and Mutter Joachim , Metals and Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms and Biochemical Processes, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2018; 25 (19) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666171129124616
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666171129124616 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Association of Viruses in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Structural Vaccinology: A Three-dimensional View for Vaccine Development
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines in Neonatal Brain Damage
Current Pediatric Reviews Lessons from Anaplasma phagocytophilum: Chromatin Remodeling by Bacterial Effectors
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Novel and Emerging Targeted Therapies of Colorectal Cancer
Current Clinical Pharmacology Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftazidime, Tobramycin and their Novel Fixed Dose Combination in Some Pathogenic Microorganisms
Current Drug Therapy Beyond Hemostasis: The Role of Platelets in Inflammation, Malignancy and Infection
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Frontier View on Nanotechnological Strategies for Neuro-therapy
Current Drug Metabolism Kainic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity: Targeting Glial Responses and Glia-Derived Cytokines
Current Neuropharmacology Methoxychalcones: Effect of Methoxyl Group on the Antifungal, Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Activities
Medicinal Chemistry Potential Use of Nanomedicine for Drug Delivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier in Healthy and Diseased Brain
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Targeting Chemokine (C-X-C motif) Receptor 3 in Thyroid Autoimmunity
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Fullerenes: From Carbon to Nanomedicine
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Regulation of Innate Immune Responses in the Central Nervous System
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets [177Lu]-DOTA0-Tyr3-Octreotate: A Potential Targeted Radiotherapeutic for the Treatment of Medulloblastoma
Current Radiopharmaceuticals NK-1 Receptor Antagonists: A New Generation of Anticancer Drugs
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The Potential Dual Effects of Anesthetic Isoflurane on Aβ-Induced Apoptosis
Current Alzheimer Research Recent Advancements in Nanodiamond Mediated Brain Targeted Drug Delivery and Bioimaging of Brain Ailments: A Holistic Review
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Molecular Detection of Carbapenem Resistance in Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated From Patients in Khorramabad City, Iran
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Saving the Ischemic Penumbra: Potential Role for Statins and Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
Current Vascular Pharmacology