Generic placeholder image

Current Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 0929-8673
ISSN (Online): 1875-533X

Review Article

MicroRNAs in Atrial Fibrillation

Author(s): Alexandros Briasoulis*, Shikha Sharma, Tesfaye Telila, Sagar Mallikethi-Reddy, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Evangelos Oikonomou and Dimitris Tousoulis

Volume 26, Issue 5, 2019

Page: [855 - 863] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170920151024

Price: $65

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, involved in regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression. They exert key role not only in physiology and normal development of the cardiovascular system but also in cardiovascular disease development and progression. Recent animal and human studies of tissue specific miRNAs have suggested a role in structural and electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation (AF). Their emerging role as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in patients with AF is discussed in this review.

Keywords: miRNAs, atrial fibrillation, cardiovascular disease, biomarkers, remodelling, small non-coding RNA.

[1]
Birney, E.; Stamatoyannopoulos, J.A.; Dutta, A.; Guigó, R.; Gingeras, T.R.; Margulies, E.H.; Weng, Z.; Snyder, M.; Dermitzakis, E.T.; Thurman, R.E.; Kuehn, M.S.; Taylor, C.M.; Neph, S.; Koch, C.M.; Asthana, S.; Malhotra, A.; Adzhubei, I.; Greenbaum, J.A.; Andrews, R.M.; Flicek, P.; Boyle, P.J.; Cao, H.; Carter, N.P.; Clelland, G.K.; Davis, S.; Day, N.; Dhami, P.; Dillon, S.C.; Dorschner, M.O.; Fiegler, H.; Giresi, P.G.; Goldy, J.; Hawrylycz, M.; Haydock, A.; Humbert, R.; James, K.D.; Johnson, B.E.; Johnson, E.M.; Frum, T.T.; Rosenzweig, E.R.; Karnani, N.; Lee, K.; Lefebvre, G.C.; Navas, P.A.; Neri, F.; Parker, S.C.; Sabo, P.J.; Sandstrom, R.; Shafer, A.; Vetrie, D.; Weaver, M.; Wilcox, S.; Yu, M.; Collins, F.S.; Dekker, J.; Lieb, J.D.; Tullius, T.D.; Crawford, G.E.; Sunyaev, S.; Noble, W.S.; Dunham, I.; Denoeud, F.; Reymond, A.; Kapranov, P.; Rozowsky, J.; Zheng, D.; Castelo, R.; Frankish, A.; Harrow, J.; Ghosh, S.; Sandelin, A.; Hofacker, I.L.; Baertsch, R.; Keefe, D.; Dike, S.; Cheng, J.; Hirsch, H.A.; Sekinger, E.A.; Lagarde, J.; Abril, J.F.; Shahab, A.; Flamm, C.; Fried, C.; Hackermüller, J.; Hertel, J.; Lindemeyer, M.; Missal, K.; Tanzer, A.; Washietl, S.; Korbel, J.; Emanuelsson, O.; Pedersen, J.S.; Holroyd, N.; Taylor, R.; Swarbreck, D.; Matthews, N.; Dickson, M.C.; Thomas, D.J.; Weirauch, M.T.; Gilbert, J.; Drenkow, J.; Bell, I.; Zhao, X.; Srinivasan, K.G.; Sung, W.K.; Ooi, H.S.; Chiu, K.P.; Foissac, S.; Alioto, T.; Brent, M.; Pachter, L.; Tress, M.L.; Valencia, A.; Choo, S.W.; Choo, C.Y.; Ucla, C.; Manzano, C.; Wyss, C.; Cheung, E.; Clark, T.G.; Brown, J.B.; Ganesh, M.; Patel, S.; Tammana, H.; Chrast, J.; Henrichsen, C.N.; Kai, C.; Kawai, J.; Nagalakshmi, U.; Wu, J.; Lian, Z.; Lian, J.; Newburger, P.; Zhang, X.; Bickel, P.; Mattick, J.S.; Carninci, P.; Hayashizaki, Y.; Weissman, S.; Hubbard, T.; Myers, R.M.; Rogers, J.; Stadler, P.F.; Lowe, T.M.; Wei, C.L.; Ruan, Y.; Struhl, K.; Gerstein, M.; Antonarakis, S.E.; Fu, Y.; Green, E.D.; Karaöz, U.; Siepel, A.; Taylor, J.; Liefer, L.A.; Wetterstrand, K.A.; Good, P.J.; Feingold, E.A.; Guyer, M.S.; Cooper, G.M.; Asimenos, G.; Dewey, C.N.; Hou, M.; Nikolaev, S.; Montoya-Burgos, J.I.; Löytynoja, A.; Whelan, S.; Pardi, F.; Massingham, T.; Huang, H.; Zhang, N.R.; Holmes, I.; Mullikin, J.C.; Ureta-Vidal, A.; Paten, B.; Seringhaus, M.; Church, D.; Rosenbloom, K.; Kent, W.J.; Stone, E.A.; Batzoglou, S.; Goldman, N.; Hardison, R.C.; Haussler, D.; Miller, W.; Sidow, A.; Trinklein, N.D.; Zhang, Z.D.; Barrera, L.; Stuart, R.; King, D.C.; Ameur, A.; Enroth, S.; Bieda, M.C.; Kim, J.; Bhinge, A.A.; Jiang, N.; Liu, J.; Yao, F.; Vega, V.B.; Lee, C.W.; Ng, P.; Shahab, A.; Yang, A.; Moqtaderi, Z.; Zhu, Z.; Xu, X.; Squazzo, S.; Oberley, M.J.; Inman, D.; Singer, M.A.; Richmond, T.A.; Munn, K.J.; Rada-Iglesias, A.; Wallerman, O.; Komorowski, J.; Fowler, J.C.; Couttet, P.; Bruce, A.W.; Dovey, O.M.; Ellis, P.D.; Langford, C.F.; Nix, D.A.; Euskirchen, G.; Hartman, S.; Urban, A.E.; Kraus, P.; Van Calcar, S.; Heintzman, N.; Kim, T.H.; Wang, K.; Qu, C.; Hon, G.; Luna, R.; Glass, C.K.; Rosenfeld, M.G.; Aldred, S.F.; Cooper, S.J.; Halees, A.; Lin, J.M.; Shulha, H.P.; Zhang, X.; Xu, M.; Haidar, J.N.; Yu, Y.; Ruan, Y.; Iyer, V.R.; Green, R.D.; Wadelius, C.; Farnham, P.J.; Ren, B.; Harte, R.A.; Hinrichs, A.S.; Trumbower, H.; Clawson, H.; Hillman-Jackson, J.; Zweig, A.S.; Smith, K.; Thakkapallayil, A.; Barber, G.; Kuhn, R.M.; Karolchik, D.; Armengol, L.; Bird, C.P.; de Bakker, P.I.; Kern, A.D.; Lopez-Bigas, N.; Martin, J.D.; Stranger, B.E.; Woodroffe, A.; Davydov, E.; Dimas, A.; Eyras, E.; Hallgrímsdóttir, I.B.; Huppert, J.; Zody, M.C.; Abecasis, G.R.; Estivill, X.; Bouffard, G.G.; Guan, X.; Hansen, N.F.; Idol, J.R.; Maduro, V.V.; Maskeri, B.; McDowell, J.C.; Park, M.; Thomas, P.J.; Young, A.C.; Blakesley, R.W.; Muzny, D.M.; Sodergren, E.; Wheeler, D.A.; Worley, K.C.; Jiang, H.; Weinstock, G.M.; Gibbs, R.A.; Graves, T.; Fulton, R.; Mardis, E.R.; Wilson, R.K.; Clamp, M.; Cuff, J.; Gnerre, S.; Jaffe, D.B.; Chang, J.L.; Lindblad-Toh, K.; Lander, E.S.; Koriabine, M.; Nefedov, M.; Osoegawa, K.; Yoshinaga, Y.; Zhu, B.; de Jong, P.J. Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project. Nature, 2007, 447(7146), 799-816.
[2]
He, L.; Hannon, G.J. MicroRNAs: small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation. Nat. Rev. Genet., 2004, 5(7), 522-531.
[3]
Mercer, T.R.; Dinger, M.E.; Mattick, J.S. Long non-coding RNAs: insights into functions. Nat. Rev. Genet., 2009, 10(3), 155-159.
[4]
Esteller, M. Non-coding RNAs in human disease. Nat. Rev. Genet., 2011, 12(12), 861-874.
[5]
January, C.T.; Wann, L.S.; Alpert, J.S.; Calkins, H.; Cigarroa, J.E.; Cleveland, J.C., Jr; Conti, J.B.; Ellinor, P.T.; Ezekowitz, M.D.; Field, M.E.; Murray, K.T.; Sacco, R.L.; Stevenson, W.G.; Tchou, P.J.; Tracy, C.M.; Yancy, C.W. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2014, 64(21), e1-e76.
[6]
Wakili, R.; Voigt, N.; Kääb, S.; Dobrev, D.; Nattel, S. Recent advances in the molecular pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation. J. Clin. Invest., 2011, 121(8), 2955-2968.
[7]
Chinchilla, A.; Daimi, H.; Lozano-Velasco, E.; Dominguez, J.N.; Caballero, R.; Delpón, E.; Tamargo, J.; Cinca, J.; Hove-Madsen, L.; Aranega, A.E.; Franco, D. PITX2 insufficiency leads to atrial electrical and structural remodeling linked to arrhythmogenesis. Circ Cardiovasc Genet, 2011, 4(3), 269-279.
[8]
Christophersen, I.E.; Olesen, M.S.; Liang, B.; Andersen, M.N.; Larsen, A.P.; Nielsen, J.B.; Haunsø, S.; Olesen, S.P.; Tveit, A.; Svendsen, J.H.; Schmitt, N. Genetic variation in KCNA5: impact on the atrial-specific potassium current IKur in patients with lone atrial fibrillation. Eur. Heart J., 2013, 34(20), 1517-1525.
[9]
Clauss, S.; Sinner, M.F.; Kääb, S.; Wakili, R. The role of microRNAs in antiarrhythmic therapy for atrial fibrillation. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. Rev., 2015, 4(3), 146-155.
[10]
Tousoulis, D.; Kampoli, A.M.; Stefanadi, E.; Antoniades, C.; Siasos, G.; Papavassiliou, A.G.; Stefanadis, C. New biochemical markers in acute coronary syndromes. Curr. Med. Chem., 2008, 15(13), 1288-1296.
[11]
Shyu, A.B.; Wilkinson, M.F.; van Hoof, A. Messenger RNA regulation: To translate or to degrade. EMBO J., 2008, 27(3), 471-481.
[12]
Lee, Y.; Ahn, C.; Han, J.; Choi, H.; Kim, J.; Yim, J.; Lee, J.; Provost, P.; Rådmark, O.; Kim, S.; Kim, V.N. The nuclear RNase III Drosha initiates microRNA processing. Nature, 2003, 425(6956), 415-419.
[13]
Gregory, R.I.; Yan, K.P.; Amuthan, G.; Chendrimada, T.; Doratotaj, B.; Cooch, N.; Shiekhattar, R. The Microprocessor complex mediates the genesis of microRNAs. Nature, 2004, 432(7014), 235-240.
[14]
Mitchell, P.S.; Parkin, R.K.; Kroh, E.M.; Fritz, B.R.; Wyman, S.K.; Pogosova-Agadjanyan, E.L.; Peterson, A.; Noteboom, J.; O’Briant, K.C.; Allen, A.; Lin, D.W.; Urban, N.; Drescher, C.W.; Knudsen, B.S.; Stirewalt, D.L.; Gentleman, R.; Vessella, R.L.; Nelson, P.S.; Martin, D.B.; Tewari, M. Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2008, 105(30), 10513-10518.
[15]
Ambros, V. The functions of animal microRNAs. Nature, 2004, 431(7006), 350-355.
[16]
Chen, K.; Rajewsky, N. The evolution of gene regulation by transcription factors and microRNAs. Nat. Rev. Genet., 2007, 8(2), 93-103.
[17]
Ouyang, Y.B.; Stary, C.M.; Yang, G.Y.; Giffard, R. microRNAs: Innovative targets for cerebral ischemia and stroke. Curr. Drug Targets, 2013, 14(1), 90-101.
[18]
Rodriguez, A.; Griffiths-Jones, S.; Ashurst, J.L.; Bradley, A. Identification of mammalian microRNA host genes and transcription units. Genome Res., 2004, 14(10A), 1902-1910.
[19]
MiRBase [database online]. June 2014. Available at: http://www.mirbase.org/index.shtml
[20]
Lewis, B.P.; Burge, C.B.; Bartel, D.P. Conserved seed pairing, often flanked by adenosines, indicates that thousands of human genes are microRNA targets. Cell, 2005, 120(1), 15-20.
[21]
Friedman, R.C.; Farh, K.K.; Burge, C.B.; Bartel, D.P. Most mammalian mRNAs are conserved targets of microRNAs. Genome Res., 2009, 19(1), 92-105.
[22]
Pasquinelli, A.E. MicroRNAs and their targets: Recognition, regulation and an emerging reciprocal relationship. Nat. Rev. Genet., 2012, 13(4), 271-282.
[23]
Lee, Y.; Kim, M.; Han, J.; Yeom, K.H.; Lee, S.; Baek, S.H.; Kim, V.N. MicroRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. EMBO J., 2004, 23(20), 4051-4060.
[24]
Borchert, G.M.; Lanier, W.; Davidson, B.L. RNA polymerase III transcribes human microRNAs. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 2006, 13(12), 1097-1101.
[25]
Krol, J.; Loedige, I.; Filipowicz, W. The widespread regulation of microRNA biogenesis, function and decay. Nat. Rev. Genet., 2010, 11(9), 597-610.
[26]
Papageorgiou, N.; Tousoulis, D.; Androulakis, E. The role of microRNAs in cardiovascular disease. Curr. Med. Chem., 2012, 19, 2605.
[27]
Papageorgiou, N.; Tousoulis, D.; Androulakis, E.; Kontogeorgou, A.; Charakida, M.; Giolis, A.; Siama, K.; Trikas, A.; Briasoulis, A.; Pitsavos, C.; Stefanadis, C. The role of microRNAs in the initiation and progression of stable atheromatous plaque. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2013, 19(9), 1651-1657.
[28]
Papageorgiou, N.; Tousoulis, D.; Charakida, M.; Briasoulis, A.; Androulakis, E.; Tentolouris, C.; Siasos, G.; Stefanadis, C. Prognostic role of miRNAs in coronary artery disease. Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 2013, 13(13), 1540-1547.
[29]
Ruby, J.G.; Jan, C.H.; Bartel, D.P. Intronic microRNA precursors that bypass Drosha processing. Nature, 2007, 448(7149), 83-86.
[30]
Hutvágner, G.; Zamore, P.D. A microRNA in a multiple-turnover RNAi enzyme complex. Science, 2002, 297(5589), 2056-2060.
[31]
Valencia-Sanchez, M.A.; Liu, J.; Hannon, G.J.; Parker, R. Control of translation and mRNA degradation by miRNAs and siRNAs. Genes Dev., 2006, 20(5), 515-524.
[32]
Huntzinger, E.; Izaurralde, E. Gene silencing by microRNAs: contributions of translational repression and mRNA decay. Nat. Rev. Genet., 2011, 12(2), 99-110.
[33]
Zeng, Y.; Cullen, B.R. Sequence requirements for micro RNA processing and function in human cells. RNA, 2003, 9(1), 112-123.
[34]
Lim, L.P.; Lau, N.C.; Garrett-Engele, P.; Grimson, A.; Schelter, J.M.; Castle, J.; Bartel, D.P.; Linsley, P.S.; Johnson, J.M. Microarray analysis shows that some microRNAs downregulate large numbers of target mRNAs. Nature, 2005, 433(7027), 769-773.
[35]
Turchinovich, A.; Samatov, T.R.; Tonevitsky, A.G.; Burwinkel, B. Circulating miRNAs: cell-cell communication function? Front. Genet., 2013, 4, 119.
[36]
Turchinovich, A.; Weiz, L.; Langheinz, A.; Burwinkel, B. Characterization of extracellular circulating microRNA. Nucleic Acids Res., 2011, 39(16), 7223-7233.
[37]
Xu, J.; Zhao, J.; Evan, G.; Xiao, C.; Cheng, Y.; Xiao, J. Circulating microRNAs: Novel biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases. J. Mol. Med. (Berl.), 2012, 90(8), 865-875.
[38]
Valadi, H.; Ekström, K.; Bossios, A.; Sjöstrand, M.; Lee, J.J.; Lötvall, J.O. Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells. Nat. Cell Biol., 2007, 9(6), 654-659.
[39]
Jaiswal, R.; Luk, F.; Gong, J.; Mathys, J.M.; Grau, G.E.; Bebawy, M. Microparticle conferred microRNA profiles--implications in the transfer and dominance of cancer traits. Mol. Cancer, 2012, 11, 37.
[40]
Vardas, P.; Andrikopoulos, G.; Baroutsou, B. A greek prospective observational study of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation. Hellenic J. Cardiol., 2015, 56(6), 475-494.
[41]
Schotten, U.; Verheule, S.; Kirchhof, P.; Goette, A. Pathophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: a translational appraisal. Physiol. Rev., 2011, 91(1), 265-325.
[42]
Kalifa, J.; Jalife, J.; Zaitsev, A.V.; Bagwe, S.; Warren, M.; Moreno, J.; Berenfeld, O.; Nattel, S. Intra-atrial pressure increases rate and organization of waves emanating from the superior pulmonary veins during atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 2003, 108(6), 668-671.
[43]
Wijffels, M.C.; Kirchhof, C.J.; Dorland, R.; Allessie, M.A. Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats. Circulation, 1995, 92(7), 1954-1968.
[44]
van der Velden, H.M.; Ausma, J.; Rook, M.B.; Hellemons, A.J.; van Veen, T.A.; Allessie, M.A.; Jongsma, H.J. Gap junctional remodeling in relation to stabilization of atrial fibrillation in the goat. Cardiovasc. Res., 2000, 46(3), 476-486.
[45]
Aimé-Sempé, C.; Folliguet, T.; Rücker-Martin, C.; Krajewska, M.; Krajewska, S.; Heimburger, M.; Aubier, M.; Mercadier, J.J.; Reed, J.C.; Hatem, S.N. Myocardial cell death in fibrillating and dilated human right atria. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 1999, 34(5), 1577-1586.
[46]
Atienza, F.; Almendral, J.; Moreno, J.; Vaidyanathan, R.; Talkachou, A.; Kalifa, J.; Arenal, A.; Villacastín, J.P.; Torrecilla, E.G.; Sánchez, A.; Ploutz-Snyder, R.; Jalife, J.; Berenfeld, O. Activation of inward rectifier potassium channels accelerates atrial fibrillation in humans: evidence for a reentrant mechanism. Circulation, 2006, 114(23), 2434-2442.
[47]
Thum, T.; Gross, C.; Fiedler, J.; Fischer, T.; Kissler, S.; Bussen, M.; Galuppo, P.; Just, S.; Rottbauer, W.; Frantz, S.; Castoldi, M.; Soutschek, J.; Koteliansky, V.; Rosenwald, A.; Basson, M.A.; Licht, J.D.; Pena, J.T.; Rouhanifard, S.H.; Muckenthaler, M.U.; Tuschl, T.; Martin, G.R.; Bauersachs, J.; Engelhardt, S. MicroRNA-21 contributes to myocardial disease by stimulating MAP kinase signalling in fibroblasts. Nature, 2008, 456(7224), 980-984.
[48]
Adam, O.; Löhfelm, B.; Thum, T.; Gupta, S.K.; Puhl, S.L.; Schäfers, H.J.; Böhm, M.; Laufs, U. Role of miR-21 in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrosis. Basic Res. Cardiol., 2012, 107(5), 278-284.
[49]
Cardin, S.; Guasch, E.; Luo, X.; Naud, P.; Le Quang, K.; Shi, Y.; Tardif, J.C.; Comtois, P.; Nattel, S. Role for MicroRNA-21 in atrial profibrillatory fibrotic remodeling associated with experimental postinfarction heart failure. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2012, 5(5), 1027-1035.
[50]
Chen, Y.; Wakili, R.; Xiao, J.; Wu, C.T.; Luo, X.; Clauss, S.; Dawson, K.; Qi, X.; Naud, P.; Shi, Y.F.; Tardif, J.C.; Kääb, S.; Dobrev, D.; Nattel, S. Detailed characterization of microRNA changes in a canine heart failure model: Relationship to arrhythmogenic structural remodeling. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 2014, 77, 113-124.
[51]
Harada, M.; Luo, X.; Qi, X.Y.; Tadevosyan, A.; Maguy, A.; Ordog, B.; Ledoux, J.; Kato, T.; Naud, P.; Voigt, N.; Shi, Y.; Kamiya, K.; Murohara, T.; Kodama, I.; Tardif, J.C.; Schotten, U.; Van Wagoner, D.R.; Dobrev, D.; Nattel, S. Transient receptor potential canonical-3 channel-dependent fibroblast regulation in atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 2012, 126(17), 2051-2064.
[52]
Dawson, K.; Wakili, R.; Ordög, B.; Clauss, S.; Chen, Y.; Iwasaki, Y.; Voigt, N.; Qi, X.Y.; Sinner, M.F.; Dobrev, D.; Kääb, S.; Nattel, S. MicroRNA29: A mechanistic contributor and potential biomarker in atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 2013. 127(14), 1466-1475, 1475e1-28.
[53]
Castoldi, G.; Di Gioia, C.R.; Bombardi, C.; Catalucci, D.; Corradi, B.; Gualazzi, M.G.; Leopizzi, M.; Mancini, M.; Zerbini, G.; Condorelli, G.; Stella, A. MiR-133a regulates collagen 1A1: Potential role of miR-133a in myocardial fibrosis in angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. J. Cell. Physiol., 2012, 227(2), 850-856.
[54]
Li, H.; Li, S.; Yu, B.; Liu, S. Expression of miR-133 and miR-30 in chronic atrial fibrillation in canines. Mol. Med. Rep., 2012, 5(6), 1457-1460.
[55]
Shan, H.; Zhang, Y.; Lu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Pan, Z.; Cai, B.; Wang, N.; Li, X.; Feng, T.; Hong, Y.; Yang, B. Downregulation of miR-133 and miR-590 contributes to nicotine-induced atrial remodelling in canines. Cardiovasc. Res., 2009, 83(3), 465-472.
[56]
Yang, B.; Lin, H.; Xiao, J.; Lu, Y.; Luo, X.; Li, B.; Zhang, Y.; Xu, C.; Bai, Y.; Wang, H.; Chen, G.; Wang, Z. The muscle-specific microRNA miR-1 regulates cardiac arrhythmogenic potential by targeting GJA1 and KCNJ2. Nat. Med., 2007, 13(4), 486-491.
[57]
Jia, X.; Zheng, S.; Xie, X.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, W.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, J.; Gao, M.; Hou, Y. MicroRNA-1 accelerates the shortening of atrial effective refractory period by regulating KCNE1 and KCNB2 expression: an atrial tachypacing rabbit model. PLoS One, 2013, 8(12), e85639.
[58]
Luo, X.; Pan, Z.; Shan, H.; Xiao, J.; Sun, X.; Wang, N.; Lin, H.; Xiao, L.; Maguy, A.; Qi, X.Y.; Li, Y.; Gao, X.; Dong, D.; Zhang, Y.; Bai, Y.; Ai, J.; Sun, L.; Lu, H.; Luo, X.Y.; Wang, Z.; Lu, Y.; Yang, B.; Nattel, S. MicroRNA-26 governs profibrillatory inward-rectifier potassium current changes in atrial fibrillation. J. Clin. Invest., 2013, 123(5), 1939-1951.
[59]
Chiang, D.Y.; Kongchan, N.; Beavers, D.L.; Alsina, K.M.; Voigt, N.; Neilson, J.R.; Jakob, H.; Martin, J.F.; Dobrev, D.; Wehrens, X.H.; Li, N. Loss of microRNA-106b-25 cluster promotes atrial fibrillation by enhancing ryanodine receptor type-2 expression and calcium release. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2014, 7(6), 1214-1222.
[60]
Callis, T.E.; Pandya, K.; Seok, H.Y.; Tang, R.H.; Tatsuguchi, M.; Huang, Z.P.; Chen, J.F.; Deng, Z.; Gunn, B.; Shumate, J.; Willis, M.S.; Selzman, C.H.; Wang, D.Z. MicroRNA-208a is a regulator of cardiac hypertrophy and conduction in mice. J. Clin. Invest., 2009, 119(9), 2772-2786.
[61]
Cañón, S.; Caballero, R.; Herraiz-Martínez, A.; Pérez-Hernández, M.; López, B.; Atienza, F.; Jalife, J.; Hove-Madsen, L.; Delpón, E.; Bernad, A. miR-208b upregulation interferes with calcium handling in HL-1 atrial myocytes: Implications in human chronic atrial fibrillation. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 2016, 99, 162-173.
[62]
Lu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, N.; Pan, Z.; Gao, X.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, Y.; Shan, H.; Luo, X.; Bai, Y.; Sun, L.; Song, W.; Xu, C.; Wang, Z.; Yang, B. MicroRNA-328 contributes to adverse electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 2010, 122(23), 2378-2387.
[63]
Harling, L.; Lambert, J.; Ashrafian, H.; Darzi, A.; Gooderham, N.J.; Athanasiou, T. Elevated serum microRNA 483-5p levels may predict patients at risk of post-operative atrial fibrillation. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., 2017, 51(1), 73-78.
[64]
Morishima, M.; Iwata, E.; Nakada, C.; Tsukamoto, Y.; Takanari, H.; Miyamoto, S.; Moriyama, M.; Ono, K. Atrial fibrillation-mediated upregulation of miR-30d regulates myocardial electrical remodeling of the G-protein-gated K(+) channel, IK.ACh. Circ. J., 2016, 80(6), 1346-1355.
[65]
Karakikes, I.; Chaanine, A.H.; Kang, S.; Mukete, B.N.; Jeong, D.; Zhang, S.; Hajjar, R.J.; Lebeche, D. Therapeutic cardiac-targeted delivery of miR-1 reverses pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and attenuates pathological remodeling. J. Am. Heart Assoc., 2013, 2(2), e000078.
[66]
Caroli, A.; Cardillo, M.T.; Galea, R.; Biasucci, L.M. Potential therapeutic role of microRNAs in ischemic heart disease. J. Cardiol., 2013, 61(5), 315-320.
[67]
Bernardo, B.C.; Ooi, J.Y.; Matsumoto, A.; Tham, Y.K.; Singla, S.; Kiriazis, H.; Patterson, N.L.; Sadoshima, J.; Obad, S.; Lin, R.C.; McMullen, J.R. Sex differences in response to miRNA-34a therapy in mouse models of cardiac disease: Identification of sex-, disease- and treatment-regulated miRNAs. J. Physiol., 2016, 594(20), 5959-5974.
[68]
Wang, T.; Wang, B. Identification of microRNA-mRNA interactions in atrial fibrillation using microarray expression profiles and bioinformatics analysis. Mol. Med. Rep., 2016, 13(6), 4535-4540.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy