Abstract
Background: The lack of specific and efficient cancer therapies has influenced the development of novel approaches, such as immunotherapy, which from its original application of immunogenic protein delivery has developed into the use of more sophisticated recombinant gene delivery methods to achieve better safety and efficacy profiles. This approach involves viral and non-viral delivery systems.
Methods: Expression vectors have been engineered for alphaviruses, including Semliki Forest virus, Sindbis virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. For immunotherapeutic applications, recombinant particles, RNA replicons and layered DNA vectors that express tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and cytokines have been studied in animal models and in a few clinical trials.
Results: Immunization studies with TAAs and cytokines have elicited strong antibody responses and vaccination has provided protection against challenges with tumor cells in mouse models. Furthermore, the combination of TAAs and cytokines, antibodies and growth factors and the co-administration of chemotherapeutics and bacteriabased adjuvants have enhanced immunogenicity. Intratumoral and systemic delivery of recombinant alphavirus particles has demonstrated significant tumor regression and prolonged survival rates in rodent tumor models.
Conclusion: Alphavirus-based immunotherapy represents a rapid and efficient method for prophylactic and therapeutic applications in animal models.
Keywords: Alphaviruses, recombinant particles, RNA replicons, layered DNA vectors, immunotherapy, vaccines, gene therapy, cancer therapy.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Application of Alphaviral Vectors for Immunomodulation in Cancer Therapy
Volume: 23 Issue: 32
Author(s): Anna Zajakina, Karina Spunde and Kenneth Lundstrom*
Affiliation:
- PanTherapeutics, Rue des Remparts 4, CH1095 Lutry,Switzerland
Keywords: Alphaviruses, recombinant particles, RNA replicons, layered DNA vectors, immunotherapy, vaccines, gene therapy, cancer therapy.
Abstract: Background: The lack of specific and efficient cancer therapies has influenced the development of novel approaches, such as immunotherapy, which from its original application of immunogenic protein delivery has developed into the use of more sophisticated recombinant gene delivery methods to achieve better safety and efficacy profiles. This approach involves viral and non-viral delivery systems.
Methods: Expression vectors have been engineered for alphaviruses, including Semliki Forest virus, Sindbis virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. For immunotherapeutic applications, recombinant particles, RNA replicons and layered DNA vectors that express tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and cytokines have been studied in animal models and in a few clinical trials.
Results: Immunization studies with TAAs and cytokines have elicited strong antibody responses and vaccination has provided protection against challenges with tumor cells in mouse models. Furthermore, the combination of TAAs and cytokines, antibodies and growth factors and the co-administration of chemotherapeutics and bacteriabased adjuvants have enhanced immunogenicity. Intratumoral and systemic delivery of recombinant alphavirus particles has demonstrated significant tumor regression and prolonged survival rates in rodent tumor models.
Conclusion: Alphavirus-based immunotherapy represents a rapid and efficient method for prophylactic and therapeutic applications in animal models.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Zajakina Anna , Spunde Karina and Lundstrom Kenneth*, Application of Alphaviral Vectors for Immunomodulation in Cancer Therapy, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2017; 23 (32) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170622094715
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170622094715 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
CXCL8 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
Current Drug Targets α-Galactosylceramide: Potential Immunomodulatory Activity and Future Application [General Articles]
Current Medicinal Chemistry Nanomaterials’s Effect on Polymerase Chain Reaction
Current Nanoscience Therapeutic Perspectives of Drugs Targeting Toll-Like Receptors Based on Immune Physiopathology Theory of Alzheimers Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Heparanase Patents: Dim Past and Bright Future
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Animal Models for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Current Neuropharmacology Plasmid DNA Manufacturing Technology
Recent Patents on Biotechnology Inhibitors of Cholinesterases in Pharmacology: the Current Trends
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry New Perspectives in HCV Therapy: Entry Inhibitors
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Pharmacogenetics of the Metabolic Disturbances and Atherosclerosis Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients
Current Pharmaceutical Design Protein Conformational Diseases: From Mechanisms to Drug Designs
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Antimicrobial Sulfated Glycans: Structure and Function
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Recent Patents on Nucleic Acid-Based Antiviral Therapeutics
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Involvement of Membrane Channels in Autoimmune Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Urokinase Receptor in the Central Nervous System
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Selective Divalent Copper Chelation for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Current Medicinal Chemistry Preclinical Models of Multiple Sclerosis: Advantages and Limitations Towards Better Therapies
Current Medicinal Chemistry Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in Immune Responses
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Antiviral Drug Discovery Targeting to Viral Proteases
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) DNA Vaccine Delivered Using a Spring-powered Jet Injector Elicits a Potent Neutralizing Antibody Response in Rabbits and Nonhuman Primates
Current Gene Therapy