Abstract
Background: Nutrients and bioactive compounds present in the foods are known to interact with genes to alter their expression, which consequently results in several chronic and diet-associated disease conditions.
Methods: In this review article, we did a literature survey to highlight the known effects of bioactive compounds/nutrients on key metabolic pathways or genes, the current “omics” based advancements in human nutrition research, the underlying ethical issues, and future challenges towards diet personalization. The articles with transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and system biology approaches for analysis and validation of bioactive compounds for their interactions with genes were included in this review. Various opportunities and challenges based on advancements and outcomes of this science were explored with special emphasis on ethical considerations.
Results: Ever-increasing impetus to nutrigenomics has given tremendous scope and opportunities to formulate personalized nutrition and tailor-made diets. Ayurnutrigenomics, an ayurveda-based approach has also received considerable attention in recent times. The tables and figures in the article provide an evidence for specific effects of nutrients on targeted genes and their metabolic pathways. Both positive and negative correlation was observed among dietary constituents and associated diseases. PPAR was found to be centric for effect of bioactive compounds on fatty acid metabolism.
Conclusion: With significant progress in recent decade and tremendous scope to make the diet personalized, the nutrigenomics approach can be implemented efficiently after integrated use of omics techniques, developing cost effective related analytical methods and considering various ethical issues.
Keywords: Gene-diet interactions, metabolomics, nutrient-gene, nutrigenomics, personalized nutrition, transcriptomics.
Graphical Abstract
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Functional Foods in Human Health and Beyond
Foods are important source of nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and other minerals. Furthermore, the functional foods are those agents that have additional components that are essential supports to the body in terms of antioxidant and pharmacologically active agents. The predominant functional foods are of plant in origin, whereas some ...read more
Harnessing Bioactive Compounds from Food Waste: Sustainable Extraction Strategies and Health Applications
Food waste presents a significant challenge across the postharvest cycle, from agricultural production to distribution. However, within this waste lies a treasure trove of bioactive chemicals that hold immense potential for nutraceuticals, functional foods, and postharvest additives, including antimicrobials. Various extraction methods, such as solvent extraction (SE), supercritical fluid extraction ...read more
Natural Bioactive Compounds Derivatives in Nutraceutical and Food Science
In the last years, plants have been widely used for their numerous properties and now there is growing interest in the study of classes of compounds obtained from plant species or derived from them. The importance of these natural compounds lies in their important therapeutic purposes, and in their capability ...read more
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