Abstract
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and function, affecting up to 70% of patients with advanced liver disease. Liver cirrhosis is characterized by an altered glucose metabolism, lipid oxidation, ketogenesis and protein catabolism, leading to the loss of adipose and muscle tissue. The gastrointestinal dysfunction of cirrhotic patients results in inadequate nutrients intake and is responsible for muscle weakness thus limiting physical exercise and perpetuating the reduction of muscle mass. Recently, alterations of hormonal pathways involved in muscle growth, increased intestinal permeability and changes in the gut microbiota composition have been reported in cirrhotic patients. Interestingly, a role of intestinal bacteria in maintaining muscle health has been hypothesized through the translocation of bacteria and bacterial products into the bloodstream triggering the production of muscle wasting-related cytokines.
Sarcopenia is associated with severe outcomes in patients with liver cirrhosis, mostly due to the incidence of disease complications. Furthermore, sarcopenia may represent an important prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and for those undergoing liver transplantation and can be considered a useful additional tool in the global assessment of patients with advanced liver disease.
Keywords: Sarcopenia, liver cirrhosis, liver disease, gut microbiota, malnutrition, liver transplantation, intestinal permeability.
Current Protein & Peptide Science
Title:Sarcopenia in Patients with Advanced Liver Disease
Volume: 19 Issue: 7
Author(s): Francesca Romana Ponziani* Antonio Gasbarrini
Affiliation:
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Agostino Gemelli Hospital, Rome,Italy
Keywords: Sarcopenia, liver cirrhosis, liver disease, gut microbiota, malnutrition, liver transplantation, intestinal permeability.
Abstract: Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and function, affecting up to 70% of patients with advanced liver disease. Liver cirrhosis is characterized by an altered glucose metabolism, lipid oxidation, ketogenesis and protein catabolism, leading to the loss of adipose and muscle tissue. The gastrointestinal dysfunction of cirrhotic patients results in inadequate nutrients intake and is responsible for muscle weakness thus limiting physical exercise and perpetuating the reduction of muscle mass. Recently, alterations of hormonal pathways involved in muscle growth, increased intestinal permeability and changes in the gut microbiota composition have been reported in cirrhotic patients. Interestingly, a role of intestinal bacteria in maintaining muscle health has been hypothesized through the translocation of bacteria and bacterial products into the bloodstream triggering the production of muscle wasting-related cytokines.
Sarcopenia is associated with severe outcomes in patients with liver cirrhosis, mostly due to the incidence of disease complications. Furthermore, sarcopenia may represent an important prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and for those undergoing liver transplantation and can be considered a useful additional tool in the global assessment of patients with advanced liver disease.
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Cite this article as:
Ponziani Romana Francesca*, Gasbarrini Antonio , Sarcopenia in Patients with Advanced Liver Disease, Current Protein & Peptide Science 2018; 19 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203718666170428121647
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203718666170428121647 |
Print ISSN 1389-2037 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5550 |
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