Abstract
Objective: Accumulating evidence suggests that the eye can be used in the assessment of early on-set Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The eye offers a natural window to the brain through the retina. The retina and brain share common developmental origins and patho-physiological origins and mechanisms, having been sequestered from it during early development, but retaining its connections with the brain via the optic nerve. Therefore, it is well understood that neurological abnormalities have a direct profound impact on the retina. Recent studies suggest an array of physiological and pathological changes in the retina in dementia and specifically in AD. There are also reports on imaging the two hallmark proteins of the disease, extracellular amyloid beta peptides and intracellular hyper phosphorylated tau protein, as a proxy to neuroimaging.
Results: In this review, we summarise retinal structural, functional and vascular changes reported to be associated with AD. We also review techniques employed to image these two major hall mark proteins of AD and their relevance for early detection of AD.Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, beta amyloid , biomarkers, early diagnosis, retina, retinal imaging, tau.
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of Retinal Biomarkers in Early On-Set Alzheimer’s Disease
Volume: 14 Issue: 9
Author(s): Sahar Shariflou, Dana Georgevsky , Hussein Mansour, Mahdie Rezaeian, Nafiseh Hosseini, Fathima Gani, Vivek Gupta, Nady Braidy and S. Mojtaba Golzan*
Affiliation:
- NHMRC Research Fellow- Vision Sciences (Group Leader) Graduate School of Healt
- University of Technology, Sydney Level 13, Building 1, Broadway Campus I, P.O. Box 123, Graduate School of Health, 15 Broadway, UTS UTLIMO 2007,Australia
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, beta amyloid , biomarkers, early diagnosis, retina, retinal imaging, tau.
Abstract: Objective: Accumulating evidence suggests that the eye can be used in the assessment of early on-set Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The eye offers a natural window to the brain through the retina. The retina and brain share common developmental origins and patho-physiological origins and mechanisms, having been sequestered from it during early development, but retaining its connections with the brain via the optic nerve. Therefore, it is well understood that neurological abnormalities have a direct profound impact on the retina. Recent studies suggest an array of physiological and pathological changes in the retina in dementia and specifically in AD. There are also reports on imaging the two hallmark proteins of the disease, extracellular amyloid beta peptides and intracellular hyper phosphorylated tau protein, as a proxy to neuroimaging.
Results: In this review, we summarise retinal structural, functional and vascular changes reported to be associated with AD. We also review techniques employed to image these two major hall mark proteins of AD and their relevance for early detection of AD.Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Shariflou Sahar , Georgevsky Dana , Mansour Hussein , Rezaeian Mahdie , Hosseini Nafiseh, Gani Fathima , Gupta Vivek , Braidy Nady and Golzan Mojtaba S.*, Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of Retinal Biomarkers in Early On-Set Alzheimer’s Disease, Current Alzheimer Research 2017; 14 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205014666170329114445
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205014666170329114445 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Alcohol and the Cardiovascular System: A Double-Edged Sword
Current Pharmaceutical Design Atherogenesis in Renal Patients: A Model of Vascular Disease?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Restoring the Dysfunctional Endothelium
Current Pharmaceutical Design Why and How We Should Treat Elderly Patients with Hypertension?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Mechanisms of Developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: New Targets for Drug Development and Other Potential Interventions
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets C-Reactive Protein and Hypertension: Is there A Causal Relationship?
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Medicinal Chemistry of Nitrite as a Source of Nitric Oxide Signaling
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Actions of Adjunctive Nutritional Antioxidants in Periodontitis and Prevalent Systemic Inflammatory Diseases
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Cardiovascular Disease in Masked Hypertension: Clinical Implications
Current Hypertension Reviews Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Endothelial Biomarkers in Arterial Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Prehypertension
Current Pharmaceutical Design Modulation of Gi Proteins in Hypertension: Role of Angiotensin II and Oxidative Stress
Current Cardiology Reviews Is There an Association between Periodontitis and Hypertension?
Current Cardiology Reviews High Glucose-Mediated Imbalance of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Expression in Endothelial Cells
Current Neurovascular Research Epidemiology of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Latin America
Current Hypertension Reviews Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome Management: From Laboratory to Benchside
Current Vascular Pharmacology Sodium Intake Recommendations: A Subject that Needs to be Reconsidered
Current Hypertension Reviews Treating Arterial Stiffness in Young and Elderly Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mean Platelet Volume: A Link Between Thrombosis and Inflammation?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Dopamine and Vascular Dynamics Control: Present Status and Future Perspectives
Current Neurovascular Research