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Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1568-0266
ISSN (Online): 1873-4294

Review Article

Insulin Resistance in Alzheimer Disease: p53 and MicroRNAs as Important Players

Author(s): Kazimierz Gasiorowski, Barbara Brokos, Jerzy Leszek, Vadim V. Tarasov, Ghulam Md Ashraf and Gjumrakch Aliev

Volume 17, Issue 12, 2017

Page: [1429 - 1437] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1568026617666170103161233

Price: $65

Abstract

Glucose homeostasis is crucial for neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and is indispensable for learning and memory. Reduced sensitivity of cells to insulin and impaired insulin signaling in brain neurons participate in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). The tumor suppressor protein p53 coordinates with multiple cellular pathways in response to DNA damage and cellular stresses. However, prolonged stress conditions unveil deleterious effects of p53-evoked insulin resistance in neurons; enhancement of transcription of pro-oxidant factors, accumulation of toxic metabolites (e.g. ceramide and products of advanced glycation) and ROS-modified cellular components, together with the activation of proapoptotic genes, could finally induce a suicide death program of autophagy/apoptosis in neurons. Recent studies reveal the impact of p53 on expression and processing of several microRNAs (miRs) under DNA damage-inducing conditions. Additionally, the role of miRs in promotion of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus has been well documented. Detailed recognition of the role of p53/miRs crosstalk in driving insulin resistance in AD brains could improve the disease diagnostics and aid future therapy.

Keywords: Alzheimer disease, Insulin resistance, microRNAs, p53 protein, ROS.


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