Abstract
The esterification is well-established type of reaction in organic synthesis used for manufacturing various valuable esters used prevalently as ingredients of food, skincare products, pharmaceuticals and fuels. In recent decades biocatalytic synthetic routes based on using enzymes as catalysts have received a lot of attention in scientific researches and industry. Main advantages of enzymatic esterifications are high selectivity (regioselectivity and enantioselectivity), performing reaction at milder conditions (moderate temperature and atmospheric pressure) and the fact that enzymatically synthesized product gain label of natural product, which increases its market appeal.
The purpose of this review is to point out the most important advances in lipase-catalyzed ester synthesis in nonconventional reaction media, with special focus on several most important types of ester. This part of review starts with outcomes in synthesis of aroma esters, usually obtained using monofunctional aliphatic alcohols and acids, which have been investigated for decades and industrial processes are already established. However, later sections are dedicated to enzymatic esterification of more complex molecules (carbohydrates, vitamin C, flavonoids) having more than one functional groups, which are subject of numerous studies in recent times because in these reactions regioselectivity of biocatalysts can be fully explored and processes are still subject of optimization, especially with respect to selection of reaction media and media engineering.Keywords: Aroma, biodiesel, carbohydrate, ester, flavonoid, immobilization, ionic liquid, lipase.
Graphical Abstract
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances of Heterocyclic Chemistry with Pesticide Activity
Global food safety and security will continue to be a global concern for the next 50 years and beyond. Plant diseases have had a significant impact on food safety and security throughout the entire food chain, from primary production to consumption. While conventional chemical pesticides have been traditionally used for ...read more
Calculation design of covalent/metal organic framework based catalysts
This research area combines theoretical computation and screening with machine learning for the design of covalent/metal organic framework-based catalysts, bridging the disciplines of organic chemistry, physical chemistry, computational chemistry, materials science, and machine learning. It covers several critical aspects: designing and synthesizing organic catalysts for improved performance, applying computational methods ...read more
Carbohydrates conversion in biofuels and bioproducts
Biomass pretreatment, hydrolysis, and saccharification of carbohydrates, and sugars bioconversion in biofuels and bioproducts within a biorefinery framework. Carbohydrates derived from woody biomass, agricultural wastes, algae, sewage sludge, or any other lignocellulosic feedstock are included in this issue. Simulation, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle analysis of a biorefinery process are ...read more
Catalytic C-H bond activation as a tool for functionalization of heterocycles
The major topic is the functionalization of heterocycles through catalyzed C-H bond activation. The strategies based on C-H activation not only provide straightforward formation of C-C or C-X bonds but, more importantly, allow for the avoidance of pre-functionalization of one or two of the cross-coupling partners. The beneficial impact of ...read more
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