Abstract
Background: Terpenoids are hydrocarbon compounds derived from common five-carbon isoprene (C5H8) building blocks. They are formed through the condensation and subsequent modification of isoprene units in various ways including – among others – cyclization and/or oxygenation. Their synthesis is localized either to the chloroplast and/or to the cytoplasm/peroxisome/endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrion. Terpenoids represent a very large and diverse class of metabolites and play important roles in plant growth and development. In addition, they have been intensively used in human health care, disease treatment and in dietary supplements. Approximately 60% of natural products known so far are terpenoids.
Results and Discussion: This review briefly summarizes the biosynthetic pathways of major plant terpenoids. Then, five well-known and medicinally important diterpenoids, including paclitaxel, tanshinone, ginkgolide, triptolide and oridonin are discussed in detail. Their structures, occurrence, extraction and identification methods, pharmacological properties and clinical uses are also reviewed. Finally, the prospects of using biotechnology to produce medicinally important terpenoids are also briefly discussed.
Keywords: Diterpenoid, ginkgolide, oridonin, paclitaxel, plastid, tanshinone, triptolide.
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Overview of Medicinally Important Diterpenoids Derived from Plastids
Volume: 17 Issue: 12
Author(s): Linsu Zhang and Shanfa Lu*
Affiliation:
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193,China
Keywords: Diterpenoid, ginkgolide, oridonin, paclitaxel, plastid, tanshinone, triptolide.
Abstract: Background: Terpenoids are hydrocarbon compounds derived from common five-carbon isoprene (C5H8) building blocks. They are formed through the condensation and subsequent modification of isoprene units in various ways including – among others – cyclization and/or oxygenation. Their synthesis is localized either to the chloroplast and/or to the cytoplasm/peroxisome/endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrion. Terpenoids represent a very large and diverse class of metabolites and play important roles in plant growth and development. In addition, they have been intensively used in human health care, disease treatment and in dietary supplements. Approximately 60% of natural products known so far are terpenoids.
Results and Discussion: This review briefly summarizes the biosynthetic pathways of major plant terpenoids. Then, five well-known and medicinally important diterpenoids, including paclitaxel, tanshinone, ginkgolide, triptolide and oridonin are discussed in detail. Their structures, occurrence, extraction and identification methods, pharmacological properties and clinical uses are also reviewed. Finally, the prospects of using biotechnology to produce medicinally important terpenoids are also briefly discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Zhang Linsu and Lu Shanfa*, Overview of Medicinally Important Diterpenoids Derived from Plastids, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2017; 17 (12) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557516666160614005244
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557516666160614005244 |
Print ISSN 1389-5575 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5607 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Bioprospecting of Natural Products as Sources of New Multitarget Therapies
According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, bioprospecting is the exploration of biodiversity and indigenous knowledge to develop commercially valuable products for pharmaceutical and other applications. Bioprospecting involves searching for useful organic compounds in plants, fungi, marine organisms, and microorganisms. Natural products traditionally constituted the primary source of more than ...read more
Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry
The thematic issue "Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry" provides a robust platform for delving into state-of-the-art computational methodologies and technologies that significantly propel advancements in medicinal chemistry. This edition seeks to amalgamate top-tier reviews spotlighting the latest trends and breakthroughs in the fusion of computational approaches, including artificial intelligence (AI) ...read more
Natural Products and Dietary Supplements in Alleviation of Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Neurological Disorders
Metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, cancer etc, cardiovascular disorders like angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure etc as well as neurological disorders like Alzheimer?s, Parkinson?s, Epilepsy, Depression, etc are the global burden. They covered the major segment of the diseases and disorders from which the human community ...read more
Natural Products in Drug Discovery
Natural products have always been one of the important ways of drug discovery due to their novel skeleton and diverse functional group characteristics. According to statistics, between 1981 and 2019, the FDA approved a total of 1,394 small molecule drugs for marketing, of which 930 marketed drugs originated from the ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Heparin Oligosaccharides as Potential Therapeutic Agents in Senile Dementia
Current Pharmaceutical Design Protective Effects of Anesthetics on Vascular Function Related to K<sup>+</sup> Channels
Current Pharmaceutical Design Towards More Efficient Glutathione Peroxidase Mimics: Substrate Recognition and Catalytic Group Assembly
Current Medicinal Chemistry A PHACES Syndrome Unmasked by Propranolol Interruption in a Tetralogy of Fallot Patient: Case Report and Extensive Review on New Indications of Beta Blockers
Current Medicinal Chemistry Managing Erectile Dysfunction in Heart Failure
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target Post-Myocardial Infarction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke
Current Drug Targets Non-Analgesic Effects of Opioids: Cardiovascular Effects of Opioids and their Receptor Systems
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pharmacology, Efficacy and Safety of Felodipine with a Focus on Hypertension and Angina Pectoris
Current Drug Safety Epigenetic Regulation in Particulate Matter-Mediated Cardiopulmonary Toxicities: A Systems Biology Perspective
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Pro-Inflammatory Gene Variants in Myocardial Infarction and Longevity: Implications for Pharmacogenomics
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Relationship Between Inflammation, Platelet Activation and Antiplatelet Resistance
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Alterations of the Kidney Cortex Proteome in Response to Exercise Training in Normoglycemic and Hyperglycemic Conditions
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Relaxin as a Cardiovascular Hormone: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Promises
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry CD26 Inhibition Enhances Perfusion Recovery in ApoE-/-Mice
Current Vascular Pharmacology Editorial: [Hot Topic: Chromogranin A at the Crossroads of Health and Disease]
Current Medicinal Chemistry New Horizons in Diabetes Therapy
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Aquaporin-1 and Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers as Pharmacological Targets in Diabetic Atherosclerosis
Current Drug Targets Endothelin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Current Enzyme Inhibition Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Cardiac Toxicity: An Emerging Issue
Current Medicinal Chemistry