Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress is involved in different pathophysiological states, such as aging, inflammatory, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, by damaging several cellular and tissue components including proteins, DNA and lipids. On the other hand, free radicals generated during physical activity are important modulators of muscle contraction, antioxidant protection, and oxidative damage repair. Indeed, ROS, generated during physical activity, are likely main mediators of antioxidant molecules upregulation, as reflected by increased glutathione reductase levels after exercise training. Methods: The aim of this review is to summarize the main mechanisms responsible for ROS-dependent adaptations to exercise training. Results: Regular moderate exercise seems to counteract oxidative stress-related detrimental changes and to promote a healthy lifestyle. Conversely, acute and strenuous exercise can generate an excess of free radicals production. Moreover, regular habitual physical activity is related to reduced risk of coronary heart disease and death, whereas vigorous exercise has been shown to favour sudden cardiac death in sedentary individuals with preexisting vascular disease. New specific markers of mitochondrial or ER dysfunction may be better clues of oxidative stress, and their application to clinical practice may help set up the optimal dose, intensity and modality of exercise training for every single subject. Conclusion: The relationship between exercise and oxidative stress is extremely complex, depending on the mode, intensity, and duration of exercise. These conflicting effects and outcomes may be explained by the hormesis theory, in which low doses of an agent that is detrimental at high doses, induces an adaptive beneficial effect on the cells or organism.
Keywords: Exercise, oxidative stress, ROS, mitochondria, sirtuins, endoplasmic reticulum.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Oxidative Stress Modulation Through Habitual Physical Activity
Volume: 22 Issue: 24
Author(s): Andrea Boccatonda, Romina Tripaldi, Giovanni Davì and Francesca Santilli
Affiliation:
Keywords: Exercise, oxidative stress, ROS, mitochondria, sirtuins, endoplasmic reticulum.
Abstract: Background: Oxidative stress is involved in different pathophysiological states, such as aging, inflammatory, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, by damaging several cellular and tissue components including proteins, DNA and lipids. On the other hand, free radicals generated during physical activity are important modulators of muscle contraction, antioxidant protection, and oxidative damage repair. Indeed, ROS, generated during physical activity, are likely main mediators of antioxidant molecules upregulation, as reflected by increased glutathione reductase levels after exercise training. Methods: The aim of this review is to summarize the main mechanisms responsible for ROS-dependent adaptations to exercise training. Results: Regular moderate exercise seems to counteract oxidative stress-related detrimental changes and to promote a healthy lifestyle. Conversely, acute and strenuous exercise can generate an excess of free radicals production. Moreover, regular habitual physical activity is related to reduced risk of coronary heart disease and death, whereas vigorous exercise has been shown to favour sudden cardiac death in sedentary individuals with preexisting vascular disease. New specific markers of mitochondrial or ER dysfunction may be better clues of oxidative stress, and their application to clinical practice may help set up the optimal dose, intensity and modality of exercise training for every single subject. Conclusion: The relationship between exercise and oxidative stress is extremely complex, depending on the mode, intensity, and duration of exercise. These conflicting effects and outcomes may be explained by the hormesis theory, in which low doses of an agent that is detrimental at high doses, induces an adaptive beneficial effect on the cells or organism.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Boccatonda Andrea, Tripaldi Romina, Davì Giovanni and Santilli Francesca, Oxidative Stress Modulation Through Habitual Physical Activity, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2016; 22 (24) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160413123806
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160413123806 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Update on the Pharmacological Treatment of Alzheimers Disease
Current Neuropharmacology New Devices for Treating Acute Ischemic Stroke
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) The Potential Role of Thiamine (Vitamin B1) in Diabetic Complications
Current Diabetes Reviews Editorial (Thematic Issue: Biomarkers of Impaired Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Health and Disease)
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Endothelial (Dys)Function in Lone Atrial Fibrillation
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of Adipocytokines in Atherogenesis and Atheroprogression
Current Drug Targets Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Physical and Psychological Health of Older People
Current Aging Science Endothelial Cells Facilitate Cell-Based Cardiac Repair: Progress and Challenge
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Adiponectin: An Endothelium-Derived Vasoprotective Factor?
Current Vascular Pharmacology A New Risk Chart of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Men by an Innovative Algorithm: A Pilot Study
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Reactive Oxygen Species in the Initiation of IL-4 Driven Autoimmunity as a Potential Therapeutic Target
Current Pharmaceutical Design Estrogen, Neuroprotection and Neurogenesis after Ischemic Stroke
Current Drug Targets Preventing and Treating Anthracycline-Related Cardiotoxicity in Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Synthesis and Evaluation of Indole Based Molecules for Treatment of Oxidative Stress Related Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Genistein: A Boon for Mitigating Ischemic Stroke
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Inhibitors of Mammalian Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Air Pollution and Lung Cancer
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Consumption of Polyphenol Plants May Slow Aging and Associated Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Antimicrobial Activity of Phenolics and Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Products and their Synergy with Streptomycin against Pathogenic Bacteria
Medicinal Chemistry ABC Transporters and Sterol Absorption
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders