Abstract
It is generally accepted that mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are related to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Mitochondria use substrates from lipid and glucose metabolism in order to generate ATP, and when mitochondrial O2 consumption is decreased due to an altered metabolism there is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can impair different types of molecules and cells, especially in β- cells during type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the maintenance of ER function in insulin-secreting β-cells is crucial, and when ER homeostasis is disrupted, the ER develops an unfolded protein response (UPR) in order to maintain the homeostasis of this organelle. However, when homeostasis fails in mitochondria and ER, these organelles can initiate death signalling pathways. New research has suggested that hyperlipidemia and hyperliglucaemia, known as key factors of type 2 diabetes (T2D), disrupt mitochondrial activity and ER homeostasis, thus triggering a disruption of energy metabolism, unresolvable UPR activation and β-cell death. This review explains the mechanisms of mitochondrial function and ER stress related to the pathological effects of type 2 diabetes in different tissues.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, mitochondria, reticulum stress, mitochondria, oxidative stress.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetes
Volume: 22 Issue: 18
Author(s): Milagros Rocha, Noelia Diaz-Morales, Susana Rovira-Llopis, Irene Escribano-Lopez, Celia Bañuls, Antonio Hernandez-Mijares, Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis and Victor M. Victor
Affiliation:
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, mitochondria, reticulum stress, mitochondria, oxidative stress.
Abstract: It is generally accepted that mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are related to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Mitochondria use substrates from lipid and glucose metabolism in order to generate ATP, and when mitochondrial O2 consumption is decreased due to an altered metabolism there is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can impair different types of molecules and cells, especially in β- cells during type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the maintenance of ER function in insulin-secreting β-cells is crucial, and when ER homeostasis is disrupted, the ER develops an unfolded protein response (UPR) in order to maintain the homeostasis of this organelle. However, when homeostasis fails in mitochondria and ER, these organelles can initiate death signalling pathways. New research has suggested that hyperlipidemia and hyperliglucaemia, known as key factors of type 2 diabetes (T2D), disrupt mitochondrial activity and ER homeostasis, thus triggering a disruption of energy metabolism, unresolvable UPR activation and β-cell death. This review explains the mechanisms of mitochondrial function and ER stress related to the pathological effects of type 2 diabetes in different tissues.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Rocha Milagros, Diaz-Morales Noelia, Rovira-Llopis Susana, Escribano-Lopez Irene, Bañuls Celia, Hernandez-Mijares Antonio, Diamanti-Kandarakis Evanthia and M. Victor Victor, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetes, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2016; 22 (18) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160209152033
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160209152033 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Oxidative Stress and Drugs of Abuse: An Update
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Cardiac Innervation and Sudden Cardiac Death
Current Cardiology Reviews Molecular Targets of Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications
Current Drug Targets Epigenetic Regulation of Myocardial Homeostasis, Self-Regeneration and Senescence
Current Drug Targets Meet Our Editorial Board Member:
Current Drug Targets Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn: Physiology, Hemodynamic Assessment and Novel Therapies
Current Pediatric Reviews Calcium Homeostasis and Kinetics in Heart Failure
Medicinal Chemistry The Involvement of Lysosomes in Myocardial Aging and Disease
Current Cardiology Reviews Identification of Important Positions within miRNAs by Integrating Sequential and Structural Features
Current Protein & Peptide Science Targeted Nucleic Acid Delivery to Mitochondria
Current Gene Therapy Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists in Experimental Myocarditis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Current Approaches to Drug Discovery for Chagas Disease: Methodological Advances
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Artificial Intelligence for Epigenetics: Towards Personalized Medicine
Current Medicinal Chemistry Development of Novel Cardiovascular Therapeutics From Small Regulatory RNA Molecules - An Outline of Key Requirements
Current Pharmaceutical Design Effect of Simvastatin use on Autonomic Function in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets S100A1: Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Potential
Current Chemical Biology The CD4C/HIVNef Transgenic Model of AIDS
Current HIV Research Predictors of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Improvement after Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in Patients with PVC-Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review
Current Cardiology Reviews Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure and Post-Myocardial Infarction
Current Hypertension Reviews Sirtuins: Possible Clinical Implications in Cardio and Cerebrovascular Diseases
Current Drug Targets