Abstract
Myocarditis, which is commonly known as heart inflammation, is a multifaceted disease that includes at least three phases. The host’s immune system is mostly active during the first viral and the second autoimmune phase, when several inflammatory pathways are activated. One of the pivotal transcription factors that regulate immune responses is the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). If, on one side, the acute response to heart injury activates the production of inflammatory cytokines to protect and limit host damage, on the other side sustained and long-term inflammation is one of the leading causes of cardiac hypertrophy and chronic heart failure. An update on the current knowledge of inhibitors and treatments that limit excessive inflammation in experimental and viral autoimmune myocarditis, and therapeutic approaches to cure patients with myocarditis, are described and discussed in this review.
Keywords: Myocarditis, NF-κB p65, cytokines, inhibitors.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Drugs Targeting the Canonical NF-κB Pathway to Treat Viral and Autoimmune Myocarditis
Volume: 22 Issue: 4
Author(s): Alan Valaperti
Affiliation:
Keywords: Myocarditis, NF-κB p65, cytokines, inhibitors.
Abstract: Myocarditis, which is commonly known as heart inflammation, is a multifaceted disease that includes at least three phases. The host’s immune system is mostly active during the first viral and the second autoimmune phase, when several inflammatory pathways are activated. One of the pivotal transcription factors that regulate immune responses is the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). If, on one side, the acute response to heart injury activates the production of inflammatory cytokines to protect and limit host damage, on the other side sustained and long-term inflammation is one of the leading causes of cardiac hypertrophy and chronic heart failure. An update on the current knowledge of inhibitors and treatments that limit excessive inflammation in experimental and viral autoimmune myocarditis, and therapeutic approaches to cure patients with myocarditis, are described and discussed in this review.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Valaperti Alan, Drugs Targeting the Canonical NF-κB Pathway to Treat Viral and Autoimmune Myocarditis, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2016; 22 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666151222160409
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666151222160409 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Two Faces of Iminoalditols: Powerful Inhibitors Trigger Glycosidase Activation
Current Enzyme Inhibition Energetic Metabolic Roles in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Right Ventricular Remodeling
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Do We Need to Redefine the Role of Sulfonylureas?
Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Modulation of Collagen Turnover in Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial from Editor-in-Chief [Cheyne-Stokes: A Flashback to the 19th Century]
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus: Relevance to Vascular Complications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Multiple Sclerosis: Current and Future Treatment Options
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Quinone-Based Drugs: An Important Class of Molecules in Medicinal Chemistry
Medicinal Chemistry Beyond Ejection Fraction: Novel Clinical Approaches Towards Sudden Cardiac Death Risk Stratification in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Current Cardiology Reviews Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in the Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Current Pharmaceutical Design How to Recognize Epicardial Origin of Ventricular Tachycardias?
Current Cardiology Reviews Metabolomics and the Diagnosis of Human Diseases -A Guide to the Markers and Pathophysiological Pathways Affected
Current Medicinal Chemistry Signs and Related Mechanisms of Ethanol Hepatotoxicity
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Adult: A Bridge to the State of the Art
Current Cardiology Reviews Pharmacological Therapy in Children with Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter
Current Pharmaceutical Design Multiple Drug Resistance Associated with Function of ABC-Transporters in Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular Mechanism and Clinical Relevance
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Developments in Imaging Technologies Related to Hypertensive Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Endothelial Function in Humans:Clinical Implications
Current Vascular Pharmacology Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Chronic Heart Failure: Clinical Implications and Molecular Mechanisms
Current Cardiology Reviews A Review of Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants Important for Health and Longevity
Current Medicinal Chemistry