Abstract
Arginine, the most basic among the 20 amino acids, occurs less frequently than lysine in proteins despite being coded by six codons. Only a few important proteins of biological significance have been found to be abundant in arginine. It has been established that these arginine-rich proteins have been assigned important roles in the biological systems. Arginine-rich cationic proteins are known to stabilize macromolecular structures by establishing appropriate interactions (salt bridges, hydrogen bonds and cation-π interactions). These proteins are also known to be the key members of many regulatory pathways such as gene expression, chromatin stability, expurgation of introns from naïve mRNA, mRNA splicing, membrane-penetrating activity and pathogenesis-related defense, to name a few. Further, arginine occurs in various combinations with other amino acids (serine, lysine, proline, tryptophan, valine, glycine and glutamic acid) which diversify the potential functions of arginine-rich proteins. Arginine-rich proteins known till date from dietary sources have been described in terms of their structure and functional properties. A variety of activities such as bactericidal, membrane-penetrating, antimicrobial, anti-hypertensive, pro-angiogenic and others have been reported for arginine-rich proteins. This review attempts to collate the occurrence, functions and the biological significance of this unique class of proteins rich in arginine.
Keywords: Arginine-rich proteins, Arginine stretches, Arginine-rich dietary proteins, Arginine dipeptides, Histones, Protamines.
Current Protein & Peptide Science
Title:Occurrence, Functions and Biological Significance of Arginine-Rich Proteins
Volume: 17 Issue: 5
Author(s): Thimmegowda Chandana and Yeldur P. Venkatesh
Affiliation:
Keywords: Arginine-rich proteins, Arginine stretches, Arginine-rich dietary proteins, Arginine dipeptides, Histones, Protamines.
Abstract: Arginine, the most basic among the 20 amino acids, occurs less frequently than lysine in proteins despite being coded by six codons. Only a few important proteins of biological significance have been found to be abundant in arginine. It has been established that these arginine-rich proteins have been assigned important roles in the biological systems. Arginine-rich cationic proteins are known to stabilize macromolecular structures by establishing appropriate interactions (salt bridges, hydrogen bonds and cation-π interactions). These proteins are also known to be the key members of many regulatory pathways such as gene expression, chromatin stability, expurgation of introns from naïve mRNA, mRNA splicing, membrane-penetrating activity and pathogenesis-related defense, to name a few. Further, arginine occurs in various combinations with other amino acids (serine, lysine, proline, tryptophan, valine, glycine and glutamic acid) which diversify the potential functions of arginine-rich proteins. Arginine-rich proteins known till date from dietary sources have been described in terms of their structure and functional properties. A variety of activities such as bactericidal, membrane-penetrating, antimicrobial, anti-hypertensive, pro-angiogenic and others have been reported for arginine-rich proteins. This review attempts to collate the occurrence, functions and the biological significance of this unique class of proteins rich in arginine.
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Cite this article as:
Chandana Thimmegowda and P. Venkatesh Yeldur, Occurrence, Functions and Biological Significance of Arginine-Rich Proteins, Current Protein & Peptide Science 2016; 17 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203717666151201192348
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203717666151201192348 |
Print ISSN 1389-2037 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5550 |
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