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Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1568-0266
ISSN (Online): 1873-4294

Non-Zinc-Binding Inhibitors of MMP-13: GRID-Based Approaches to Rationalize the Binding Process

Author(s): Antonella Di Pizio, Mariangela Agamennone and Paolo Tortorella

Volume 16, Issue 4, 2016

Page: [449 - 459] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666150813150631

Price: $65

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc enzymes responsible for the degradation of the extracellular matrix. With this function, MMPs are involved in many physiological processes, but also in many pathological states. MMP-13 is implicated in the degradation of type II collagen, the main structural protein of articular cartilage, contributing to the development of osteoarthritis and inflammatory diseases. In the last years, a new generation of potent and selective MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) has been identified and classified as non-zinc-binding inhibitors (NZBIs). Several MMP-13 NZBIs have been developed and crystallographically determined in complex with the enzyme. Here, we provide a detailed review of the current knowledge about this class of MMP-13 inhibitors and, by using computational procedures, we highlight the molecular determinants that are needed for the binding process. In particular, FLAP, a program based on GRID molecular interaction fields, was used to analyze the ligand-protein interactions: molecular shape and hydrogen bond acceptor groups strongly influence the binding according to the ligand-based modeling, while the aromatic interactions are better identified by the structure-based study. The complementary results can be combined in a high performance model, showing the effectiveness of molecular interaction field based approaches to search for novel MMP-13 NZBIs.

Keywords: Drug design, Binding pocket, GRID, MMP-13, Molecular modeling, Molecular similarity, Non-zinc-binding inhibitors.

Graphical Abstract

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