Abstract
Resistant hypertension (RH) is a prevalent medical problem across all ages but is more frequent in elderly patients. This entity has to be distinguished from clinical settings which may simulate it such as apparent hypertension (pseudohypertension) or apparently resistant hypertension (pseudoresistant hypertension) [1]. An appropriate therapy for RH can be achieved by the addition of second line antihypertensive drugs: antialdosteronic diuretics, central agents, alpha blockers, direct vasodilating agents, and exogenous nitric oxide donors. These antihypertensive drugs are considered as second line drugs since they are less effective as monotherapy to reduce blood pressure (they induce counte regulatory responses that limit their antihypertensive effect such as volume expansion or reflex tachycardia) and prevent cardiovascular events, or due to significant adverse effects (postural hypotension, sedation, hyperkalemia). Second line drugs are also used when there is allergy or intolerance to the first line ones [2, 3].
Keywords: Hypertension, elderly, aldosterone, vasodilators, nitric oxide.
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Resistant Hypertension in the Elderly-Second Line Treatments: Aldosterone Antagonists, Central Alpha-Agonist Agents, Alpha-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers, Direct Vasodilators, and Exogenous Nitric Oxide Donors
Volume: 12 Issue: 3
Author(s): Carlos G. Musso and Jose Alfie
Affiliation:
Keywords: Hypertension, elderly, aldosterone, vasodilators, nitric oxide.
Abstract: Resistant hypertension (RH) is a prevalent medical problem across all ages but is more frequent in elderly patients. This entity has to be distinguished from clinical settings which may simulate it such as apparent hypertension (pseudohypertension) or apparently resistant hypertension (pseudoresistant hypertension) [1]. An appropriate therapy for RH can be achieved by the addition of second line antihypertensive drugs: antialdosteronic diuretics, central agents, alpha blockers, direct vasodilating agents, and exogenous nitric oxide donors. These antihypertensive drugs are considered as second line drugs since they are less effective as monotherapy to reduce blood pressure (they induce counte regulatory responses that limit their antihypertensive effect such as volume expansion or reflex tachycardia) and prevent cardiovascular events, or due to significant adverse effects (postural hypotension, sedation, hyperkalemia). Second line drugs are also used when there is allergy or intolerance to the first line ones [2, 3].
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Musso Carlos G. and Alfie Jose, Resistant Hypertension in the Elderly-Second Line Treatments: Aldosterone Antagonists, Central Alpha-Agonist Agents, Alpha-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers, Direct Vasodilators, and Exogenous Nitric Oxide Donors, Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2014; 12 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871525713666150310110934
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871525713666150310110934 |
Print ISSN 1871-5257 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6182 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Medicinal Plants with Beneficial Properties on Diabetes and Hypertension
Diabetes and hypertension are real scourges of the 21st century. It is imperative to act in order to find innovative solutions to this problem. Taking medications such as hypoglycemic and antihypertensive drugs may aggravate certain underlying comorbidities, such as chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. This significant drawback therefore requires ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Soluble CD40L and its Role in Essential Hypertension: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Common Features of the Metabolic Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Editorial[Hot Topic:Membrane Channels as Therapeutic Targets (Executive Editor: Jean-Claude Herve)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Association Between Pulmonary Hypertension and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Analysis of a Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Meet Our Editorial Board Member
Current Cardiology Reviews Targeted Cancer Therapy: The Next Generation of Cancer Treatment
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Controversial Issues of Abortion License According to Religious and Jurisprudential Laws in Iran: A Systematic Review
Current Women`s Health Reviews Hypertension in 2017: Update in Treatment and Pharmaceutical Innovations
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Development on Anti-Obesity Compounds and their Mechanisms of Action: A Review
Current Medicinal Chemistry Role of the Growth Suppressor p27Kip1 During Vascular Remodeling
Current Vascular Pharmacology Designing Multi-Targeted Therapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Nitric Oxide in the Dorsal Medulla Modulates Excitatory Somatosympathetic Reflexes
Current Cardiology Reviews Mechanism of Cardiac Pathogenesis and Cardiotoxicity of Anti- COVID-19 Drugs
Coronaviruses Chronopharmaceuticals: Hype or Future of Pharmaceutics
Current Pharmaceutical Design Metabolic Enzyme System and Transport Pathways in Chronic Kidney Diseases
Current Drug Metabolism Association of Arterial Hypertension with Hepatobiliary Pathology: The Occurrence of Comorbidity and Features of Metabolic Processes
Current Hypertension Reviews An Umbrella Review of Nuts Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Edema, Inflammation and Fibrosis – Comparison Between Catecholamine- and Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Injuries
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Longitudinal Association between White Matter Hyperintensities and White Matter Beta-Amyloid Deposition in Cognitively Unimpaired Elderly
Current Alzheimer Research Antihypertensive Drug Treatment and Circadian Blood Pressure Rhythm: A Review of the Role of Chronotherapy in Hypertension
Current Pharmaceutical Design