Abstract
Multiple mechanisms are implicated in the development of primary osteoarthritis (OA), in which genetic and epigenetic factors appear to interact with environmental factors and age to initiate the disease and stimulate its progression. Changes in expression of microRNAs (miRs) contribute to development of osteoarthritis. Numerous miRs are involved in cartilage development, homeostasis and degradation through targeting genes expressed in this tissue. An important regulator of gene expression in human cartilage is miR-140, which directly targets a gene coding aggrecanase ADAMTS-5, that cleaves aggrecan in cartilage. This miR is considered a biological marker for cartilage and its level significantly decreases in OA cartilage. On the other hand, increased expression of miR-146a in early OA inhibits two other cartilage-degrading enzymes: MMP13 and ADAMTS4, and may provide a useful tool in developing treatments for OA. The COL2A1 gene, encoding collagen type II, which is the most abundant structural protein of the cartilage, is silenced by miR-34a and activated by miR-675. Every year, new targets of cartilage miRs are validated experimentally and this opens new possibilities for new therapies that control joint destruction and stimulate cartilage repair. At the same time development of next-generation sequencing technologies allows to identify new miRs involved in cartilage biology.
Keywords: Gene expression profiling, MicroRNAs, Cartilage, Osteoarthritis.
Current Genomics
Title:MicroRNAs: Important Epigenetic Regulators in Osteoarthritis
Volume: 15 Issue: 6
Author(s): Tomasz Trzeciak and Malwina Czarny-Ratajczak
Affiliation:
Keywords: Gene expression profiling, MicroRNAs, Cartilage, Osteoarthritis.
Abstract: Multiple mechanisms are implicated in the development of primary osteoarthritis (OA), in which genetic and epigenetic factors appear to interact with environmental factors and age to initiate the disease and stimulate its progression. Changes in expression of microRNAs (miRs) contribute to development of osteoarthritis. Numerous miRs are involved in cartilage development, homeostasis and degradation through targeting genes expressed in this tissue. An important regulator of gene expression in human cartilage is miR-140, which directly targets a gene coding aggrecanase ADAMTS-5, that cleaves aggrecan in cartilage. This miR is considered a biological marker for cartilage and its level significantly decreases in OA cartilage. On the other hand, increased expression of miR-146a in early OA inhibits two other cartilage-degrading enzymes: MMP13 and ADAMTS4, and may provide a useful tool in developing treatments for OA. The COL2A1 gene, encoding collagen type II, which is the most abundant structural protein of the cartilage, is silenced by miR-34a and activated by miR-675. Every year, new targets of cartilage miRs are validated experimentally and this opens new possibilities for new therapies that control joint destruction and stimulate cartilage repair. At the same time development of next-generation sequencing technologies allows to identify new miRs involved in cartilage biology.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Trzeciak Tomasz and Czarny-Ratajczak Malwina, MicroRNAs: Important Epigenetic Regulators in Osteoarthritis, Current Genomics 2014; 15 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920291506150106154338
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920291506150106154338 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advanced Computational Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacogenomics
In the era of personalized medicine, understanding the relationship between genetics and drug response is crucial. This issue delves into innovative methodologies, leveraging deep computational analysis and artificial intelligence, to enhance the field of Clinical Pharmacogenomics. The interdisciplinary approach harnesses the power of advanced high-throughput genotyping technologies, sophisticated computational analysis, ...read more
Applications of Single-cell Sequencing Technology in Reproductive Medicine
Single cell sequencing (SCS) technology utilizes individual cells' genetic material to sequence their genome, transcriptome, and epigenetics at the molecular level. It offers insights into cell heterogeneity and enables the study of limited biological materials. Since its recognition as a valuable technique in 2011, single cell sequencing has yielded numerous ...read more
Big Data in Cancer Research
Cancer is a significant threat to human life and health, remaining a highly aggressive killer. It is a leading cause of death worldwide and represents a crucial medical issue for humanity. However, in the past decade, the effectiveness of new synthetic anticancer agents has not matched the current clinical speculation. ...read more
Current Genomics in Cardiovascular Research
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world, in recent years we have had important advances in the interaction between cardiovascular disease and genomics. In this Research Topic, we intend for researchers to present their results with a focus on basic, translational and clinical investigations associated with ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Modulation of Angiogenesis for Cancer Prevention: Strategies Based On Antioxidants and Copper Deficiency
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cardioprotective Effects of Natural Products <i>via</i> the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
Current Vascular Pharmacology Virtual Screening on Analogs of 2 Methyl Heptyl Isonicotinate as GlmU Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Current Enzyme Inhibition The Role of Intracellular 35-Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) in Atherosclerosis
Current Vascular Pharmacology <i>Qiliqiangxin</i> Prescription Promotes Angiogenesis of Hypoxic Primary Rat Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells via Regulating miR-21 Signaling
Current Pharmaceutical Design Gender Bias in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Current Vascular Pharmacology Antiarrhythmic Potential of Drugs Targeting the Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor Ca<sup>2+</sup> Release Channel: Case Study of Dantrolene
Current Pharmaceutical Design Inflamm-ageing and senescence in gout: the tale of an old king’s disease.
Current Aging Science Antioxidants in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Genetic Mapping of Pharmacogenetic Regulatory Variation
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Comprehensive Review on Recent advances in Synthesis & Pharmacotherapeutic potential of Benzothiazoles
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Characterization of Supraventricular Tachycardia in Infants: Clinical and Instrumental Diagnosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Optimization and Assay of Antioxidant Potential of Two Penicillium spp. by Different Procedures
Current Biotechnology Emerging Role for Antioxidant Therapy in Protection Against Diabetic Cardiac Complications: Experimental and Clinical Evidence for Utilization of Classic and New Antioxidants
Current Cardiology Reviews Calcific Aortic Stenosis: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Medical Treatment Alternatives
Current Cardiology Reviews CD31+ Circulating Angiogenic Cell Number and Subtypes are Reduced in Individuals with Chronic Stroke
Current Neurovascular Research Self-care improvement after a pharmaceutical intervention in elderly type 2 diabetic patients
Current Diabetes Reviews The Role of the Metabolism of Anticancer Drugs in Their Induced-Cardiotoxicity
Current Drug Metabolism Conditional Cardiac Overexpression of S100A6 Attenuates Myocyte Hypertrophy and Apoptosis Following Myocardial Infarction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Depression in Older Persons with Mobility Limitations
Current Pharmaceutical Design