Abstract
The current pharmacological therapies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease are mostly inadequate and recent, improved therapeutic agents are required. Two important molecular targets for the design of anti-parkinsonian therapeutic compounds are the adenosine A2A receptor and the enzyme, monoamine oxidase (MAO) B. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists are a relatively new class of anti-parkinsonian agents, which act by potentiating dopamine-mediated neurotransmission via dopamine D2 receptors. MAO-B inhibitors are established therapy of Parkinson’s disease and inhibit the MAO-B-catalysed metabolism of dopamine in the brain. This conserves reduced dopamine stores and extends the action of dopamine. A2A antagonism and MAO-B inhibition have also been associated with neuroprotective effects, further establishing roles for these classes of compounds in Parkinson’s disease. Interestingly, caffeine, a known adenosine receptor antagonist, has been recently considered as a lead compound for the design and discovery of A2A antagonists and MAO-B inhibitors. This review summarizes the recent efforts to discover caffeinederived MAO-B inhibitors. The design of caffeine-derived A2A antagonists has been extensively reviewed previously. The prospect of discovering dual-target-directed compounds that act at both targets is also evaluated. Compounds that block the activation and function of both A2A receptors and MAO-B may have a synergistic effect in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Keywords: Adenosine A2A receptor, caffeine, drug design, dual-target-directed, inhibition, monoamine oxidase, Parkinson’s disease.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Caffeine as a Lead Compound for the Design of Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Volume: 22 Issue: 8
Author(s): Jacobus P. Petzer and Anel Petzer
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adenosine A2A receptor, caffeine, drug design, dual-target-directed, inhibition, monoamine oxidase, Parkinson’s disease.
Abstract: The current pharmacological therapies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease are mostly inadequate and recent, improved therapeutic agents are required. Two important molecular targets for the design of anti-parkinsonian therapeutic compounds are the adenosine A2A receptor and the enzyme, monoamine oxidase (MAO) B. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists are a relatively new class of anti-parkinsonian agents, which act by potentiating dopamine-mediated neurotransmission via dopamine D2 receptors. MAO-B inhibitors are established therapy of Parkinson’s disease and inhibit the MAO-B-catalysed metabolism of dopamine in the brain. This conserves reduced dopamine stores and extends the action of dopamine. A2A antagonism and MAO-B inhibition have also been associated with neuroprotective effects, further establishing roles for these classes of compounds in Parkinson’s disease. Interestingly, caffeine, a known adenosine receptor antagonist, has been recently considered as a lead compound for the design and discovery of A2A antagonists and MAO-B inhibitors. This review summarizes the recent efforts to discover caffeinederived MAO-B inhibitors. The design of caffeine-derived A2A antagonists has been extensively reviewed previously. The prospect of discovering dual-target-directed compounds that act at both targets is also evaluated. Compounds that block the activation and function of both A2A receptors and MAO-B may have a synergistic effect in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease.
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Cite this article as:
Petzer P. Jacobus and Petzer Anel, Caffeine as a Lead Compound for the Design of Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2015; 22 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867322666141215160015
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867322666141215160015 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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