Abstract
Both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share the presence of systemic and neuro-inflammation, enhanced production and accumulation of β -amyloid peptide and abnormal levels of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Altered levels of AChE and BuChE both in AD as well as in T2DM imply that those two enzymes may be playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the two disorders. AD and T2DM are both characterized by elevated levels of AChE and BuChE in the plasma. On the other hand, in AD the brain levels of AChE go down while those of BuChE go up, resulting in deregulation in balance between AChE and BuChE. This imbalance and change in the AChE/BuChE ratio causes cholinergic deficit in the brain, i.e. deficiency in the brain neurotransmitter acetylcholine. With better understanding of the inter-relationship of AChE and BuChE levels in normality as well as abnormality, AD and T2DM can be effectively treated. Thus, general cholinesterase inhibitors that inhibit both AChE and BuChE as well as highly selective BuChE inhibitors may have potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of AD and other related dementias.
Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase, Alzheimer's disease, butyrylcholinesterase, cholinergic deficit, cholinesterase inhibitors, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Status of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Volume: 13 Issue: 8
Author(s): Gohar Mushtaq, Nigel H. Greig, Jalaluddin A. Khan and Mohammad A. Kamal
Affiliation:
Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase, Alzheimer's disease, butyrylcholinesterase, cholinergic deficit, cholinesterase inhibitors, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Abstract: Both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share the presence of systemic and neuro-inflammation, enhanced production and accumulation of β -amyloid peptide and abnormal levels of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Altered levels of AChE and BuChE both in AD as well as in T2DM imply that those two enzymes may be playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the two disorders. AD and T2DM are both characterized by elevated levels of AChE and BuChE in the plasma. On the other hand, in AD the brain levels of AChE go down while those of BuChE go up, resulting in deregulation in balance between AChE and BuChE. This imbalance and change in the AChE/BuChE ratio causes cholinergic deficit in the brain, i.e. deficiency in the brain neurotransmitter acetylcholine. With better understanding of the inter-relationship of AChE and BuChE levels in normality as well as abnormality, AD and T2DM can be effectively treated. Thus, general cholinesterase inhibitors that inhibit both AChE and BuChE as well as highly selective BuChE inhibitors may have potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of AD and other related dementias.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Mushtaq Gohar, Greig H. Nigel, Khan A. Jalaluddin and Kamal A. Mohammad, Status of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2014; 13 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527313666141023141545
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527313666141023141545 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases
Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal, parasitic infections, etc. Early etiological treatment is often the most crucial means to reduce the mortality rate of patients with central nervous system infections, reduce complications and sequelae, and improve prognosis. The initial clinical ...read more
Techniques of Drug Repurposing: Delivering a new life to Herbs & Drugs
Of late, with the adaptation of innovative approaches and integration of advancements made towards medical sciences as well as the availability of a wide range of tools; several therapeutic challenges are being translated into viable clinical solutions, with a high degree of efficacy, safety, and selectivity. With a better understanding ...read more
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Role of Microfluidics in Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Cell Culture Modeling: Relevance to CNS Disorders
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Mean Platelet Volume: A Link Between Thrombosis and Inflammation?
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Comparative Assessment of Metabolic Syndrome and its Association with Vitamin D and Other Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Current Diabetes Reviews The Role of Tirofiban in the Management of Coronary Artery Disease
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Therapeutic Potentials of A2B Adenosine Receptor Ligands: Current Status and Perspectives
Current Pharmaceutical Design Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Nutritional Compounds in Early Type 1 Diabetes
Current Diabetes Reviews Therapeutic Strategies in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy - a Translational Medicine Approach
Current Medicinal Chemistry Nutritional Status and Lipid Profile in HIV-Infected Adults
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Development of Peptide and Protein Based Radiopharmaceuticals
Current Pharmaceutical Design Atypical Chest Pain in ACS: A Trap Especially for Women
Current Pharmaceutical Design Myocardial Infarction with Non Obstructive Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Case Report
New Emirates Medical Journal The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Diabetes Mellitus
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Prophylactic Potential of Conventional and Supercritical Garlic Extracts to Alleviate Diet Related Malfunctions
Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture Neuroprotective Effects of Ginkgolide B Against Ischemic Stroke: A Review of Current Literature
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacogenomics of Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes and Obesity
Recent Patents on Biotechnology Pharmacotherapy of Aortic Stenosis-Success or Failure?
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Benefits of SGLT2 Inhibitors Beyond Glycemic Control – A Focus on Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes
Current Diabetes Reviews The Effects of Direct Renin Inhibitor, Aliskiren, on Arterial Hypertension, Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Optimal Pharmacotherapy
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Induction and Amelioration of Environmental Stress in Isolated Islets Until Transplantation
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Recreational Drug Misuse and Stroke
Current Drug Abuse Reviews