Abstract
Nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes which further directs to end stage renal disease. Extensive work has been done to find out the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of the DN. Now, many researchers have been convinced that almost all of the molecular mediators and intracellular signaling pathways involved in progression of diabetic nephropathy have involvement in transforming growth factor beta (TGF- β) at some stage.
In DN, hyperglycemia causes increase in the expression of TGF- β genes, TGF- β proteins and their receptors. Increased glucose level mediates these effects through activation of polyol pathway, protein kinase C pathway, hexosamine pathway, increases advanced glycation end products (AGE) and increases oxidative stress. Hyperglycemia also activates the TGF- β via activation of glucose transporters (GLUT), angiotensine II and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Activated TGF-β further leads to glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening and glomerulosclerosis through activation of connective tissue growth factor (CDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
We have discussed the progression of hyperglycemia to DN via TGF- β, whose schematic presentation may serve as an effective way to understand the mechanisms and to find out an effective way for the management of diabetic nephropathy.
Keywords: AGE, GBM, glomerulosclerosis, PDGF, protein kinase C, VEGF.
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title:Hyperglycemia to Nephropathy via Transforming Growth Factor Beta
Volume: 10 Issue: 3
Author(s): Mayuresh Sudamrao Garud and Yogesh Anant Kulkarni
Affiliation:
Keywords: AGE, GBM, glomerulosclerosis, PDGF, protein kinase C, VEGF.
Abstract: Nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes which further directs to end stage renal disease. Extensive work has been done to find out the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of the DN. Now, many researchers have been convinced that almost all of the molecular mediators and intracellular signaling pathways involved in progression of diabetic nephropathy have involvement in transforming growth factor beta (TGF- β) at some stage.
In DN, hyperglycemia causes increase in the expression of TGF- β genes, TGF- β proteins and their receptors. Increased glucose level mediates these effects through activation of polyol pathway, protein kinase C pathway, hexosamine pathway, increases advanced glycation end products (AGE) and increases oxidative stress. Hyperglycemia also activates the TGF- β via activation of glucose transporters (GLUT), angiotensine II and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Activated TGF-β further leads to glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening and glomerulosclerosis through activation of connective tissue growth factor (CDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
We have discussed the progression of hyperglycemia to DN via TGF- β, whose schematic presentation may serve as an effective way to understand the mechanisms and to find out an effective way for the management of diabetic nephropathy.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Garud Sudamrao Mayuresh and Kulkarni Anant Yogesh, Hyperglycemia to Nephropathy via Transforming Growth Factor Beta, Current Diabetes Reviews 2014; 10 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399810666140606103645
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399810666140606103645 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancing Diabetic Wound Healing: Mechanisms and Interventions
In recent years, diabetic wounds have become a global health concern with the increase in the incidence of diabetes. Diabetic wounds are a kind of chronic and refractory ulcer. It is generally due to the microcirculatory disturbances and the reduced levels of endogenous growth factors. Delayed cutaneous wound healing is ...read more
Oxidative and inflammatory responses in the development of secondary diabetic complications
Diabetes, along with its associated secondary complications, represents a significant global health challenge, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, reduced physical activity, environmental pollutants, and stress are pivotal factors in the onset of diabetes, particularly type-2 diabetes. Poorly managed hyperglycemia can lead to various complications, including neuropathy, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Electrochemical Study of DNA Damaged by Oxidation Stress
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Dynamics of Diabetes and Obesity: An Alarming Situation in the Developing Countries in Asia
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Predictors of “Worsening Renal Function” in Patients Hospitalized in Internal Medicine Department
Current Drug Safety PPAR-γ Agonists in Polycystic Kidney Disease with Frequent Development of Cardiovascular Disorders
Current Molecular Pharmacology Pharmacological Management Options to Prevent and Reduce Ischemic Hemorrhagic Transformation
Current Drug Targets Therapeutic Approach to Multiple Sclerosis by Novel Oral Drugs
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Dipeptide Inhibitors of Thermolysin and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Current Update in the Management of Diabetic Nephropathy
Current Diabetes Reviews Rosuvastatin Ameliorates Obesity and Proteinuria in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Benefits of SGLT2 Inhibitors Beyond Glycemic Control – A Focus on Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes
Current Diabetes Reviews Telomere/Telomerase System: A New Target of Statins Pleiotropic Effect?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Role of Vitamin D in Vascular Complications and Vascular Access Outcome in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Inflammatory Syndrome in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathogenesis and Influence on Outcomes
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Antisense Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Reactive Oxygen Species in Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeting ADAM17 Sheddase Activity in Cancer
Current Drug Targets Peripheral Arterial Disease in Persons with Diabetic Foot Ulceration: a Current Comprehensive Overview
Current Diabetes Reviews Beta-cell Management in Type 2 Diabetes: Beneficial Role of Nutraceuticals
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Mineralocorticoid Receptor-Associated Hypertension and Target Organ Damage: Clinical Relevance for Resistant Hypertension in End Stage Renal Disease
Current Hypertension Reviews SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive and Critical Review of the Literature
Current Pharmaceutical Design