Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the major cause of mortalilty in the West with coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) being a means of restoring blood supply to ischaemic myocardium. The long saphenous vein is the most commonly used bypass conduit but its patency is inferior to the internal thoracic artery, the ‘gold standard’ graft. In conventional procedures the saphenous vein is harvested in such a manner that considerable vascular damage is inflicted. The structures mainly affected by this vascular trauma are the endothelium, autonomic nerves and vascular smooth muscle all containing cells with the potential to release nitric oxide (NO). While the majority of studies into the potential role of NO in vein graft performance have focussed on the involvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) less information is available regarding the role of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). While the effects of eNOS-derived NO are principally beneficial, iNOS is generally associated with pathological conditions. While potential pathophysiological roles of iNOS are discussed in this review we also outline many studies suggesting that this isoenzyme plays an important role in maintaing vein graft patency in patients undergoing CABG, particularly when the saphenous vein is harvested with minimal surgical trauma.
Keywords: Human saphenous vein, bypass graft, iNOS, nitric oxide, coronary artery disease.
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title:Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Vein Graft Performance in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Physiological or Pathophysiological Role?
Volume: 12 Issue: 1
Author(s): Michael R. Dashwood and Andrzej Loesch
Affiliation:
Keywords: Human saphenous vein, bypass graft, iNOS, nitric oxide, coronary artery disease.
Abstract: Coronary artery disease is the major cause of mortalilty in the West with coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) being a means of restoring blood supply to ischaemic myocardium. The long saphenous vein is the most commonly used bypass conduit but its patency is inferior to the internal thoracic artery, the ‘gold standard’ graft. In conventional procedures the saphenous vein is harvested in such a manner that considerable vascular damage is inflicted. The structures mainly affected by this vascular trauma are the endothelium, autonomic nerves and vascular smooth muscle all containing cells with the potential to release nitric oxide (NO). While the majority of studies into the potential role of NO in vein graft performance have focussed on the involvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) less information is available regarding the role of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). While the effects of eNOS-derived NO are principally beneficial, iNOS is generally associated with pathological conditions. While potential pathophysiological roles of iNOS are discussed in this review we also outline many studies suggesting that this isoenzyme plays an important role in maintaing vein graft patency in patients undergoing CABG, particularly when the saphenous vein is harvested with minimal surgical trauma.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Dashwood R. Michael and Loesch Andrzej, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Vein Graft Performance in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Physiological or Pathophysiological Role?, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2014; 12 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016111201140327164409
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016111201140327164409 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Editorial (Hot Topic: Introduction to the Special Issue: Relevance of Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders in Heart Failure: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Approach)
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Histamine H3 Receptor (H3R) Antagonists and Inverse Agonists in the Treatment of Sleep Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Platelet GPIIb/IIIa Receptor Antagonists in Human Ischemic Brain Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Gender Differences in Atrial Fibrillation: A Review of Epidemiology, Management, and Outcomes
Current Cardiology Reviews Recommendations for the Treatment of Hypertension in Elderly People
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ENaC in the Brain - Future Perspectives and Pharmacological Implications
Current Molecular Pharmacology Transient Blood Brain Barrier Disruption Induced by Oleic Acid is Mediated by Nitric Oxide
Current Neurovascular Research A Review on the Use of Reversal Agents of Direct Oral Anticogulant Drugs in Case of Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Case Report on Pulmonary Involvement in a Patient with Adult Still’s Disease
Current Rheumatology Reviews Recent Reports of Plants as DNA Protection Agents
Current Nutraceuticals Design and Fabrication of Gallic Acid Loaded Chitosan Nanoformulation
Drug Delivery Letters Renin-angiotensin System Blockade at the Level of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme or the Angiotensin Type-1 Receptor: Similarities and Differences
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Treatment of Epilepsy
Current Neuropharmacology PPARγ Agonists: Beneficial Effect on Blood Pressure Beyond Glycemic Control?
Current Hypertension Reviews Recent Advances in the Discovery and Development of Direct Coagulation Factor Xa Inhibitors
Current Pharmaceutical Design Heat Transfer Analysis on Transport of Copper Nanofluids Due to Metachronal Waves of Cilia
Current Nanoscience Low-Molecular-Weight-Heparins: A Review of Literature
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Group II Secretory PLA2: A New Cardiovascular Risk Factor
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Plasma Metabolic Profiling of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Using Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Strategies of Functional Foods Promote Sleep in Human Being
Current Signal Transduction Therapy