Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex heterogeneous syndrome with immune, metabolic and neurohumoral mechanisms interacting and leading to gradual heart contractility impairment. From the first study-to correlate inflammation with HF, inflammation biomarkers have been the subject of intense inquiry in patients with various forms of HF. Chronic HF (CHF) is strongly associated with inflammation in terms of pathogenesis, progression, severity and prognosis. Inflammatory mediators participate in CHF pathophysiology in various ways like exerting direct impact on cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts and β-adrenergic receptors leading to hypertrophy, fibrosis and impaired cardiac contractility, respectively, or inducing apoptosis by stimulation of the proper genes. The anti-inflammatory effects of classical heart failure therapeutic strategies such as ACEI and b-blockers are rather conflicting. Whether novel immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches should be added to existing therapies in order to ensure additional benefit to HF patients is under investigation. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiological link between inflammatory processes and CHF, focusing on the role of novel and traditional inflammatory biomarkers and highlighting novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies.
Keywords: Anti-TNF therapy, biomarkers, chemokines, CRP, heart failure, inflammation, interleukins, TNF-α.
Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Inflammation and Chronic Heart Failure: From Biomarkers to Novel Anti-inflammatory Therapeutic Strategies
Volume: 10 Issue: 7
Author(s): Georgios Bouras, Georgios Giannopoulos, George Hatzis, Dimitrios Alexopoulos, George Leventopoulos and Spyridon Deftereos
Affiliation:
Keywords: Anti-TNF therapy, biomarkers, chemokines, CRP, heart failure, inflammation, interleukins, TNF-α.
Abstract: Heart failure (HF) is a complex heterogeneous syndrome with immune, metabolic and neurohumoral mechanisms interacting and leading to gradual heart contractility impairment. From the first study-to correlate inflammation with HF, inflammation biomarkers have been the subject of intense inquiry in patients with various forms of HF. Chronic HF (CHF) is strongly associated with inflammation in terms of pathogenesis, progression, severity and prognosis. Inflammatory mediators participate in CHF pathophysiology in various ways like exerting direct impact on cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts and β-adrenergic receptors leading to hypertrophy, fibrosis and impaired cardiac contractility, respectively, or inducing apoptosis by stimulation of the proper genes. The anti-inflammatory effects of classical heart failure therapeutic strategies such as ACEI and b-blockers are rather conflicting. Whether novel immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches should be added to existing therapies in order to ensure additional benefit to HF patients is under investigation. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiological link between inflammatory processes and CHF, focusing on the role of novel and traditional inflammatory biomarkers and highlighting novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Bouras Georgios, Giannopoulos Georgios, Hatzis George, Alexopoulos Dimitrios, Leventopoulos George and Deftereos Spyridon, Inflammation and Chronic Heart Failure: From Biomarkers to Novel Anti-inflammatory Therapeutic Strategies, Medicinal Chemistry 2014; 10 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406410666140318113325
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406410666140318113325 |
Print ISSN 1573-4064 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6638 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Carbohydrates in Computational and Medicinal Chemistry
Carbohydrates are the most essential organic molecules and are involved in the maintenance of various physiological and metabolic processes in living organisms. Carbohydrate-based compounds have come to the attention of researchers because of their significant contributions to biological functions, such as cell development and cell proliferation, connections between several cells, ...read more
Recent Advances in the Medicinal Chemistry of Cancer
Scope of the Thematic Issue: Correlation between structure and function is one of the important aspects of the success of anti-cancer compounds associated with their structure-activity interactions, physiology, biochemical, molecular, and genetic processes. Overcoming these obstacles is key to obtaining further insights into developments in rational drug design, bioorganic chemistry, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Smoking and Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms of Disease and New Therapeutic Approaches
Current Medicinal Chemistry Epigenetic and Disease Targets by Polyphenols
Current Pharmaceutical Design New Approaches to the Modulation of the Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-Lipoxygenase Pathways
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Initiation of Dialysis: A Mini-Review of a Changing Paradigm
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Cellular Therapy for Myocardial Repair
Current Cardiology Reviews Hyperglycemia and Perioperative Glucose Management
Current Pharmaceutical Design Medicinal Plants and Cancer Chemoprevention
Current Drug Metabolism Is Bilirubin a Marker of Vascular Disease and/or Cancer and is it a Potential Therapeutic Target?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) as a New Biomarker for Non – Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Diseases
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Structure-Activity Relationships of Flavonoids
Current Organic Chemistry Cellular and Biochemical Alterations Caused by Artificial Depletion of Glutathione
Current Enzyme Inhibition Cardiac Effects of HDL and Its Components on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Toxicity Testing Models: Future Applications in New Drug Discovery
Current Medicinal Chemistry Aliskiren: A New Drug for an Old Problem
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Double Strand Break Repair Activities of p53 as Potential Tumor Suppressor Function Counteracting Mammary Tumor Development
Current Women`s Health Reviews The Mechanistic Links Between Proteasome Activity, Aging and Agerelated Diseases
Current Genomics The Muscular Dystrophies Associated with Central Nervous System Lesions: A Brief Review from a Standpoint of the Localization and Function of Causative Genes
Current Pediatric Reviews Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the United States
Current Cardiology Reviews Regulatory Role of Brg1 and Brm in the Vasculature: From Organogenesis to Stress-Induced Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Management of the Low Cardiac Output Syndrome Following Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease
Current Cardiology Reviews