Abstract
Brief periods of cardiac ischemia and reperfusion exert a protective effect against subsequent longer ischemic periods, a phenomenon coined ischemic preconditioning. Similarly, repeated brief episodes of coronary occlusion and reperfusion at the onset of reperfusion, called post-conditioning, dramatically reduce infarct sizes. Interestingly, both effects can be achieved by the administration of any volatile anesthetic. In fact, cardio-protection by volatile anesthetics is an older phenomenon than ischemic pre- or post-conditioning. Although the mechanism through which anesthetics can mimic ischemic pre- or post-conditioning is still unknown, adenosine generation and signaling are the most redundant triggers in ischemic pre- or post-conditioning. In fact, adenosine signaling has been implicated in isoflurane-mediated cardioprotection. Adenosine acts via four receptors designated as A1, A2a, A2b, and A3. Cardioprotection has been associated with all subtypes, although the role of each remains controversial. Much of the controversy stems from the abundance of receptor agonists and antagonists that are, in fact, capable of interacting with multiple receptor subtypes. Recently, more specific receptor agonists and new genetic animal models have become available paving way towards new discoveries. As such, the adenosine A2b receptor was shown to be the only one of the adenosine receptors whose cardiac expression is induced by ischemia in both mice and humans and whose function is implicated in ischemic pre- or post-conditioning. In the current review, we will focus on adenosine signaling in the context of anesthetic cardioprotection and will highlight new discoveries, which could lead to new therapeutic concepts to treat myocardial ischemia using anesthetic preconditioning.
Keywords: Volatile anesthetics, adenosine, heart ischemia, cardioprotection, preconditioning, circadian, Per2.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Anesthetic Cardioprotection: The Role of Adenosine
Volume: 20 Issue: 36
Author(s): Stephanie Bonney, Kelly Hughes and Tobias Eckle
Affiliation:
Keywords: Volatile anesthetics, adenosine, heart ischemia, cardioprotection, preconditioning, circadian, Per2.
Abstract: Brief periods of cardiac ischemia and reperfusion exert a protective effect against subsequent longer ischemic periods, a phenomenon coined ischemic preconditioning. Similarly, repeated brief episodes of coronary occlusion and reperfusion at the onset of reperfusion, called post-conditioning, dramatically reduce infarct sizes. Interestingly, both effects can be achieved by the administration of any volatile anesthetic. In fact, cardio-protection by volatile anesthetics is an older phenomenon than ischemic pre- or post-conditioning. Although the mechanism through which anesthetics can mimic ischemic pre- or post-conditioning is still unknown, adenosine generation and signaling are the most redundant triggers in ischemic pre- or post-conditioning. In fact, adenosine signaling has been implicated in isoflurane-mediated cardioprotection. Adenosine acts via four receptors designated as A1, A2a, A2b, and A3. Cardioprotection has been associated with all subtypes, although the role of each remains controversial. Much of the controversy stems from the abundance of receptor agonists and antagonists that are, in fact, capable of interacting with multiple receptor subtypes. Recently, more specific receptor agonists and new genetic animal models have become available paving way towards new discoveries. As such, the adenosine A2b receptor was shown to be the only one of the adenosine receptors whose cardiac expression is induced by ischemia in both mice and humans and whose function is implicated in ischemic pre- or post-conditioning. In the current review, we will focus on adenosine signaling in the context of anesthetic cardioprotection and will highlight new discoveries, which could lead to new therapeutic concepts to treat myocardial ischemia using anesthetic preconditioning.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Bonney Stephanie, Hughes Kelly and Eckle Tobias, Anesthetic Cardioprotection: The Role of Adenosine, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (36) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140204102524
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140204102524 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Effects of β-glucan and Folium mori Extract Combinations in STZ-induced Diabetic Rats: Effectiveness of Various BGFM Complex Compositions in Treating Diabetes
Current Nutrition & Food Science A Review on Novel Ligand Targeted Delivery for Cardiovascular Disorder
Current Drug Delivery Extracellular Vesicles and Insulin Resistance: A Potential Interaction in Vascular Dysfunction
Current Vascular Pharmacology Adherence to Cardiac Practice Guidelines in the Management of Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Systematic Literature Review
Current Cardiology Reviews Radiopharmaceuticals Regulations: Current Scenario and the Way Forward
Applied Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs Reduction in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) Results in an Increased Risk of Spontaneous Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Large-artery Atherosclerosis Stroke
Current Neurovascular Research Adolescent Asthma Management
Current Pediatric Reviews Oxidative Stress During Myocardial Ischaemia and Heart Failure
Current Pharmaceutical Design Understanding The Role of Inflammasome in Angina Pectoris
Current Protein & Peptide Science Functional PLGA NPs for Oral Drug Delivery: Recent Strategies and Developments
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Progress in the Development of Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Breast Cancer Chemoprevention: Current Perspectives
Current Enzyme Inhibition A Survey on the Usage of Supplements in Canadian Patients Living with HIV
Current HIV Research Phytochemical Therapies in Vascular Functioning: A Molecular Approach
Current Vascular Pharmacology Adipose Tissue: Something More than Just Adipocytes
Current Nutrition & Food Science Imidazole Scaffold Based Compounds in the Development of Therapeutic Drugs
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Cruzipain, the Major Cysteine Protease of Trypanosoma cruzi: A Sulfated Glycoprotein Antigen as Relevant Candidate for Vaccine Development and Drug Target. A Review
Current Medicinal Chemistry Editorial [Hot topic:Current Hypertension Reviews, Hot Topics “Obesity, Hypertension, and the Metabolic Syndrome” (Guest Editor: Kazuko Masuo)]
Current Hypertension Reviews Ethnopharmacological and Phytopharmaceutical Evaluation of Prosopis cineraria: An Overview and Future Prospects
Current Drug Metabolism Prevalence of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in HIV-Infected African Patients Not Receiving HAART: A Multicenter, Observational, Prospective, Cohort Study in Rwanda
Current HIV Research